Friday, January 19, 2024

Fw: Ref.: (LML) Reminder! Calls for proposals deadline | Save the date Spring Meeting 2024 | ILC session publication

 

Leprosy Mailing List – January 19,  2024

 

Ref.:  (LML) Reminder! Calls for proposals deadline | Save the date Spring Meeting 2024 | ILC session publication

From:  LRI, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

 

Dear colleagues,

The LRI Secretariat wishes you a happy New Year! As we close LRI's 10th anniversary year and look forward to 2024, we are excited to share this first newsletter of the year which features the reminder for the research proposals submission deadline, Spring Meeting dates and a new publication on priorities in research funding.

 

LRI calls for proposals: Deadline for research proposals submission approaching!

The countdown has started!
There is only one week left to submit your Letter of Intent for the following LRI Calls for proposals for projects starting in 2025:
- LRI Regular grant 
- RESILIENTD grant, in collaboration with Anesvad Foundation 
 
The deadline for submission for both calls is Friday the 26th of January, 2024 at 23:59 (CET), after which the portal will be closed, so make sure to submit your Letter of Intent timely.

We look forward to receiving your research ideas. Best of luck to all applicants!

https://leprastichting.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=62936b16b345dbe865533193f&id=7d84d99c23&e=924aba1357

 

proposals: Deadline for research proposals submission approaching!
LRI Spring Meeting 2024 & Highlights event – Save the dates!

The LRI Spring Meeting is an annual event that brings together researchers of LRI-funded projects,  the LRI Scientific Review Committee and Steering Committee as well as Partners of the LRI. Nearly forty researchers will present project progress updates and results during this year's edition, which will take place in the Netherlands on the 17th, 18th and 19th of April. Limited places are available for self-funded persons with a keen interest in leprosy research who wish to attend but are not otherwise invited.

Following the in-person event, an online 'Highlights of Spring Meeting 2024' event will be hosted on the 30th of May (14:00-16:30 CEST), where findings of selected projects across LRI research priorities will be presented. This event is open to everyone interested in leprosy research and will be free of charge.

Updates on these events will be provided through our newsletter, website, and LinkedIn channel in due course.
The countdown has started! ⏰
There is only one week left to submit your Letter of Intent for the following LRI Calls for proposals
 New publication: "Money matters: Priorities in leprosy research funding"

At the most recent International Leprosy Congress, the Leprosy Research Initiative and The Global Partnership for Zero Leprosy took centre stage with a compelling plenary session: "Money matters: Priorities in leprosy research funding."
 
This session aimed to provide the audience with valuable insights into allocated research funding and priorities from 16 NGOs organisations over 2017-2021 while promoting alignment and encouraging collaboration. Total funding reached close to $10M per year, for research infrastructure, personnel, projects and awarded grants. It was heartening to see global organisations openly sharing details about their funding and choices in leprosy research.
 
LRI actively supports leprosy research across all five key priorities. The live audience at the congress identified LRI as one of the key funders they received grants from over the last 5 years. In addition, many expressed they were not successful in securing funding for their proposed research projects from any organisation.
 
Although the findings from the publication on the session underscore there is funding available for leprosy research across many organisations, an evident gap with funding needs remains. The session highlighted a critical area for further required resources and a more in-depth exploration of the funding landscape for a more complete and nuanced overview.
 
Let's continue to shine a spotlight on leprosy research, supporting collaboration, gaining insights and working towards a future free from the burden of this disease!.

 

 

LRI Secretariat
 

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Wednesday, January 10, 2024

Fw: Ref.: (LML) Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

Leprosy Mailing List – January 10,  2024

 

Ref.:  (LML) Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

From:  Joel Almeida, Mumbai, India

 

 

Dear Pieter and colleagues,

 

Why does HD (leprosy) continue to spread in India, despite great efforts?

 

 

Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

The Indian government has given priority to efforts against HD. In recent years India has been conducting periodic active case detection drives from door-to-door in endemic areas, augmenting routine ongoing case detection efforts. However, the decline in the incidence rate of MB (multibacillary) HD patients has been remarkably slow: only about 3%/year. 

 

 

 

In one hot spot, the new case detection rate of HD even rose by several hundred percent within only 3 years, with highly bacillated undiagnosed or previously treated patients respectively being identified later.(1) 

 

By contrast, some successful Indian projects in low income areas documented a decline of 16%/year in the incidence rate of  MB HD or LL HD.(2) 16%/year in a successful project vs 3%/year more widely is a marked difference. What might explain this difference?

 

The National Sample Survey in India

 

The National Sample Survey in India in or around 2011 (3) did door-to-door surveys among a stratified random sample of the entire Indian population, backed by experienced clinicians. From this reasonably reliable survey, it was estimated that the upper confidence limit of the number of previously undiagnosed HD patients in India was 381,000 patients. (This corresponds to an upper estimate of point prevalence of around 3 HD patients/10,000 population. HD in India appears to be somewhat less eliminated than we would like it to be). 40% of these previously undiagnosed patients had signs of MB HD.

 

What are the sources of concentrated viable HD bacilli?

 

The WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (4) previously had reported the proportion of actively detected Indian HD patients with a BI (bacillary index) greater than 3+ log units. The said proportion was 1% in India. Therefore, assuming for present purposes that all patients with BI > 3+ have LL HD, it seems likely that as many as 4000 LL HD patients remain undiagnosed and untreated in India at any given time. This number tends to reduce as active case-finding gains frequency and intensity. However, even with intensive active case-finding, undiagnosed "de novo" LL HD patients tend to be missed wherever clinical expertise or smear microscopy are lacking.

 

Incidentally, persons with the early stages of "de novo" LL HD tend to show the least conspicuous signs among all new HD patients. They typically show no patches, not even clear enlargement of peripheral nerves. However, "de novo" LL HD patients still tend to show millions of densely packed acid-fast bacilli in nasal smears even before physical signs become prominent. (5) 

 

The WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (6) in 2023 reported that re-treatment was found necessary in 7600 Indian HD patients during the preceding year. LL HD patients tend to be over-represented among all patients requiring re-treatment, partly because they include patients with genomically linked anergy. Such over-representation of LL HD is likely in India where 95% of all MB patients are reported to have completed the 12 monthly doses of rifampicin in MDT.(6)

 

An LL patient denied anti-microbial protection can develop and shed as many as ten million viable bacilli per day, or even per nose blow, before or after anti-microbial treatment. (5)  Accordingly, several thousand unprotected LL patients in India are likely to be shedding astronomical numbers of viable HD bacilli at any given time. These are likely to include around 4000 previously undiagnosed LL patients plus several thousand more previously treated LL HD patients. 

 

Recurrence after MDT among genomically anergic LL patients is more frequent than we would like. It can arise either by endogenous relapse or exogenous reinfection or both. (7-12) Therefore, previously treated LL HD patients with anergy are likely to form an important source of concentrated viable HD bacilli in endemic areas of India. In well-run programmes, expert clinicians reduce the number of missed LL HD patients. In such areas, and possibly elsewhere too, previously treated but reinfected anergic LL HD patients could well form the dominant source of concentrated, viable bacilli.

 

 

Implications and effective action

 

The evidence suggests that HD will continue to spread in India for decades, unless

 

a) "De novo" LL HD is diagnosed more reliably and promptly, especially in the absence of prominent physical signs.

 

b) Previously treated LL patients in endemic areas are protected against reinfection. One option is post-MDT chemoprophylaxis with fully supervised potent drugs (e.g., rifapentine or rifampicin + moxifloxacin + minocycline - PMM instead of just ROM - rifampicin + ofloxacin + minocycline). For destitute patients, or in low income areas, MDT itself could serve as "poor person's" post-MDT chemoprophylaxis. Not optimal, but better than zero anti-microbial protection for anergic LL HD patients in endemic areas.

 

Allowing HD patients and professionals to succeed

 

Are we really keen to exclude previously treated LL HD patients from anti-microbial protection? Must they be excluded until painful ENL neuritis drives them to seek help? Would we be as quick to exclude them if we ourselves had LL HD with genomically linked anergy and lived in an endemic hot spot? Especially if we had experienced a bout of excruciatingly painful ENL? Would we still be deaf to the pleas of other HD patients for good anti-microbial protection in endemic areas?

 

Some well-informed health professionals have themselves experienced HD. They tend to show more than usual compassion and respect for HD patients. It is within our power to emulate their compassion. How are they supposed to do their best for HD affected patients and populations if we handcuff them with restrictions? In places such as Karigiri (2) and Uele (13) professionals armed with compassion and respect for all achieved rapid decline in the incidence rate of MB HD. The only "party line" they followed was compassion and good professional standards. They set out to provide excellent care for their patients and populations, and ended up with world-leading outcomes and epidemiological impact.

 

HD transmission in India appears to be maintained by the exclusion of LL HD patients from anti-microbial protection, before diagnosis or after 12 doses of intermittent rifampicin. It is within our power as a well-informed, compassionate, influential community respectful of human rights and facts, to stand shoulder to shoulder with patients and populations at risk. We could allow LL patients in endemic areas to have anti-microbial protection beyond just 12 doses of rifampicin. In doing so, we can hope to match the successful projects that achieved rapid, well-documented decline of MB HD. (2,13,14) Are we opposed to the rapid decline of MB HD in endemic areas? 

 

 

Best,

 

 

Joel

 

 

 

 

References

 

1.   Gitte S, Rewaria L, Santaram V, Jamil S. Descriptive Study of High Leprosy Endemic Pockets and Exploring Occurrence Factors of Multicase Families in the Village of Salaunikhurd of Chhattisgarh State. Int J Med. Public Health. 2021; 11(2):113-117

 

2.    Norman G, Bhushanam JDRS, Samuel P. Trends in leprosy over 50 years in Gudiyatham Taluk, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Ind J Lepr 2006. 78(2): 167-185. reviewed and analysed further in: 3a. Almeida J. Karigiri, India: How transmission rapidly was reduced in a low-income population.  LML 29 Oct 2020

 

3.    Katoch K, Aggarwal A, Yadav VS, Pandey A. National sample survey to assess the new case disease burden of leprosy in India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2017; 146(5): 585-605.

 

4.    WHO WER 1998, 73, 153-160

 

5.   Davey TF, Rees RJ. The nasal dicharge in leprosy: clinical and bacteriological aspects. Lepr Rev. 1974 Jun;45(2):121-34

 

6.   WHO WER 2023, 98, 409–430

 

7.    Girdhar BK, Girdhar A, Kumar A. Relapses in multibacillary leprosy: effect of length of therapy. Lepr Rev. 2000 Jun;71(2):144-53

 

8.    Singh I, Ahuja M, Lavania M, Pathak VK, Turankar RP, Singh V, et al. Efficacy of fixed duration multidrug therapy for the treatment of multibacillary leprosy: A prospective observational study from Northern India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023;89:226-32.

 

9.   Stefani MMA, Avanzi C, Buhrer-Sekula S, Benjak A, Loiseau C, Singh P Whole genome sequencing distinguishes between relapse and reinfection in recurrent HD cases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11: e0005598

 

10.   Sartori PVU, Penna GO, Bührer-Sékula S et al. Human Genetic Susceptibility of Leprosy Recurrence. Scientific Reports 2020 volume 10, Article number: 1284

 

11.   Gonçalves FG, Belone AFF, Rosa PS, Laporta GZ.Underlying mechanisms of leprosy  recurrence in the Western Amazon . BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:460

 

12.   Narang T, Almeida JG, Kumar B, Rao PN, Suneetha S, Frade MAC, et al. Fixed duration multidrug therapy (12 months) in leprosy patients with high bacillary load – Need to look beyond. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2024;90:64-7. doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_278_2023

 

13.   Tonglet R, Pattyn SR, Nsansi BN et al. The reduction of the leprosy endemicity in northeastern Zaire 1975/1989 J.Eur J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;6(4):404-6 reviewed in: 13a. Almeida J. Reducing transmission in poor hyperendemic areas - evidence from Uele (DRC). LML 29 Nov 2019


14.     Li HY, Weng XM, Li T et al. Long-Term Effect of Leprosy Control in Two Prefectures of China, 1955-1993. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1995 Jun;63(2):213-221. reviewed & analysed further in: 14a. Almeida J. What really happened in Shandong? LML 16 Nov 2019

 

 

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

 

 

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Fw: Ref.: (LML) Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

Leprosy Mailing List – January 10,  2024

 

Ref.:  (LML) Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

From:  Joel Almeida, Mumbai, India

 

 

Dear Pieter and colleagues,

 

Why does HD (leprosy) continue to spread in India, despite great efforts?

 

 

Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

The Indian government has given priority to efforts against HD. In recent years India has been conducting periodic active case detection drives from door-to-door in endemic areas, augmenting routine ongoing case detection efforts. However, the decline in the incidence rate of MB (multibacillary) HD patients has been remarkably slow: only about 3%/year. 

 

 

 

In one hot spot, the new case detection rate of HD even rose by several hundred percent within only 3 years, with highly bacillated undiagnosed or previously treated patients respectively being identified later.(1) 

 

By contrast, some successful Indian projects in low income areas documented a decline of 16%/year in the incidence rate of  MB HD or LL HD.(2) 16%/year in a successful project vs 3%/year more widely is a marked difference. What might explain this difference?

 

The National Sample Survey in India

 

The National Sample Survey in India in or around 2011 (3) did door-to-door surveys among a stratified random sample of the entire Indian population, backed by experienced clinicians. From this reasonably reliable survey, it was estimated that the upper confidence limit of the number of previously undiagnosed HD patients in India was 381,000 patients. (This corresponds to an upper estimate of point prevalence of around 3 HD patients/10,000 population. HD in India appears to be somewhat less eliminated than we would like it to be). 40% of these previously undiagnosed patients had signs of MB HD.

 

What are the sources of concentrated viable HD bacilli?

 

The WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (4) previously had reported the proportion of actively detected Indian HD patients with a BI (bacillary index) greater than 3+ log units. The said proportion was 1% in India. Therefore, assuming for present purposes that all patients with BI > 3+ have LL HD, it seems likely that as many as 4000 LL HD patients remain undiagnosed and untreated in India at any given time. This number tends to reduce as active case-finding gains frequency and intensity. However, even with intensive active case-finding, undiagnosed "de novo" LL HD patients tend to be missed wherever clinical expertise or smear microscopy are lacking.

 

Incidentally, persons with the early stages of "de novo" LL HD tend to show the least conspicuous signs among all new HD patients. They typically show no patches, not even clear enlargement of peripheral nerves. However, "de novo" LL HD patients still tend to show millions of densely packed acid-fast bacilli in nasal smears even before physical signs become prominent. (5) 

 

The WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (6) in 2023 reported that re-treatment was found necessary in 7600 Indian HD patients during the preceding year. LL HD patients tend to be over-represented among all patients requiring re-treatment, partly because they include patients with genomically linked anergy. Such over-representation of LL HD is likely in India where 95% of all MB patients are reported to have completed the 12 monthly doses of rifampicin in MDT.(6)

 

An LL patient denied anti-microbial protection can develop and shed as many as ten million viable bacilli per day, or even per nose blow, before or after anti-microbial treatment. (5)  Accordingly, several thousand unprotected LL patients in India are likely to be shedding astronomical numbers of viable HD bacilli at any given time. These are likely to include around 4000 previously undiagnosed LL patients plus several thousand more previously treated LL HD patients. 

 

Recurrence after MDT among genomically anergic LL patients is more frequent than we would like. It can arise either by endogenous relapse or exogenous reinfection or both. (7-12) Therefore, previously treated LL HD patients with anergy are likely to form an important source of concentrated viable HD bacilli in endemic areas of India. In well-run programmes, expert clinicians reduce the number of missed LL HD patients. In such areas, and possibly elsewhere too, previously treated but reinfected anergic LL HD patients could well form the dominant source of concentrated, viable bacilli.

 

 

Implications and effective action

 

The evidence suggests that HD will continue to spread in India for decades, unless

 

a) "De novo" LL HD is diagnosed more reliably and promptly, especially in the absence of prominent physical signs.

 

b) Previously treated LL patients in endemic areas are protected against reinfection. One option is post-MDT chemoprophylaxis with fully supervised potent drugs (e.g., rifapentine or rifampicin + moxifloxacin + minocycline - PMM instead of just ROM - rifampicin + ofloxacin + minocycline). For destitute patients, or in low income areas, MDT itself could serve as "poor person's" post-MDT chemoprophylaxis. Not optimal, but better than zero anti-microbial protection for anergic LL HD patients in endemic areas.

 

Allowing HD patients and professionals to succeed

 

Are we really keen to exclude previously treated LL HD patients from anti-microbial protection? Must they be excluded until painful ENL neuritis drives them to seek help? Would we be as quick to exclude them if we ourselves had LL HD with genomically linked anergy and lived in an endemic hot spot? Especially if we had experienced a bout of excruciatingly painful ENL? Would we still be deaf to the pleas of other HD patients for good anti-microbial protection in endemic areas?

 

Some well-informed health professionals have themselves experienced HD. They tend to show more than usual compassion and respect for HD patients. It is within our power to emulate their compassion. How are they supposed to do their best for HD affected patients and populations if we handcuff them with restrictions? In places such as Karigiri (2) and Uele (13) professionals armed with compassion and respect for all achieved rapid decline in the incidence rate of MB HD. The only "party line" they followed was compassion and good professional standards. They set out to provide excellent care for their patients and populations, and ended up with world-leading outcomes and epidemiological impact.

 

HD transmission in India appears to be maintained by the exclusion of LL HD patients from anti-microbial protection, before diagnosis or after 12 doses of intermittent rifampicin. It is within our power as a well-informed, compassionate, influential community respectful of human rights and facts, to stand shoulder to shoulder with patients and populations at risk. We could allow LL patients in endemic areas to have anti-microbial protection beyond just 12 doses of rifampicin. In doing so, we can hope to match the successful projects that achieved rapid, well-documented decline of MB HD. (2,13,14) Are we opposed to the rapid decline of MB HD in endemic areas? 

 

 

Best,

 

 

Joel

 

 

 

 

References

 

1.   Gitte S, Rewaria L, Santaram V, Jamil S. Descriptive Study of High Leprosy Endemic Pockets and Exploring Occurrence Factors of Multicase Families in the Village of Salaunikhurd of Chhattisgarh State. Int J Med. Public Health. 2021; 11(2):113-117

 

2.    Norman G, Bhushanam JDRS, Samuel P. Trends in leprosy over 50 years in Gudiyatham Taluk, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Ind J Lepr 2006. 78(2): 167-185. reviewed and analysed further in: 3a. Almeida J. Karigiri, India: How transmission rapidly was reduced in a low-income population.  LML 29 Oct 2020

 

3.    Katoch K, Aggarwal A, Yadav VS, Pandey A. National sample survey to assess the new case disease burden of leprosy in India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2017; 146(5): 585-605.

 

4.    WHO WER 1998, 73, 153-160

 

5.   Davey TF, Rees RJ. The nasal dicharge in leprosy: clinical and bacteriological aspects. Lepr Rev. 1974 Jun;45(2):121-34

 

6.   WHO WER 2023, 98, 409–430

 

7.    Girdhar BK, Girdhar A, Kumar A. Relapses in multibacillary leprosy: effect of length of therapy. Lepr Rev. 2000 Jun;71(2):144-53

 

8.    Singh I, Ahuja M, Lavania M, Pathak VK, Turankar RP, Singh V, et al. Efficacy of fixed duration multidrug therapy for the treatment of multibacillary leprosy: A prospective observational study from Northern India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023;89:226-32.

 

9.   Stefani MMA, Avanzi C, Buhrer-Sekula S, Benjak A, Loiseau C, Singh P Whole genome sequencing distinguishes between relapse and reinfection in recurrent HD cases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11: e0005598

 

10.   Sartori PVU, Penna GO, Bührer-Sékula S et al. Human Genetic Susceptibility of Leprosy Recurrence. Scientific Reports 2020 volume 10, Article number: 1284

 

11.   Gonçalves FG, Belone AFF, Rosa PS, Laporta GZ.Underlying mechanisms of leprosy  recurrence in the Western Amazon . BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:460

 

12.   Narang T, Almeida JG, Kumar B, Rao PN, Suneetha S, Frade MAC, et al. Fixed duration multidrug therapy (12 months) in leprosy patients with high bacillary load – Need to look beyond. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2024;90:64-7. doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_278_2023

 

13.   Tonglet R, Pattyn SR, Nsansi BN et al. The reduction of the leprosy endemicity in northeastern Zaire 1975/1989 J.Eur J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;6(4):404-6 reviewed in: 13a. Almeida J. Reducing transmission in poor hyperendemic areas - evidence from Uele (DRC). LML 29 Nov 2019


14.     Li HY, Weng XM, Li T et al. Long-Term Effect of Leprosy Control in Two Prefectures of China, 1955-1993. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1995 Jun;63(2):213-221. reviewed & analysed further in: 14a. Almeida J. What really happened in Shandong? LML 16 Nov 2019

 

 

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

 

 

--
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Fw: Ref.: (LML) Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

Leprosy Mailing List – January 10,  2024

 

Ref.:  (LML) Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

From:  Joel Almeida, Mumbai, India

 

 

Dear Pieter and colleagues,

 

Why does HD (leprosy) continue to spread in India, despite great efforts?

 

 

Why does HD continue to spread in India?

 

The Indian government has given priority to efforts against HD. In recent years India has been conducting periodic active case detection drives from door-to-door in endemic areas, augmenting routine ongoing case detection efforts. However, the decline in the incidence rate of MB (multibacillary) HD patients has been remarkably slow: only about 3%/year. 

 

 

 

In one hot spot, the new case detection rate of HD even rose by several hundred percent within only 3 years, with highly bacillated undiagnosed or previously treated patients respectively being identified later.(1) 

 

By contrast, some successful Indian projects in low income areas documented a decline of 16%/year in the incidence rate of  MB HD or LL HD.(2) 16%/year in a successful project vs 3%/year more widely is a marked difference. What might explain this difference?

 

The National Sample Survey in India

 

The National Sample Survey in India in or around 2011 (3) did door-to-door surveys among a stratified random sample of the entire Indian population, backed by experienced clinicians. From this reasonably reliable survey, it was estimated that the upper confidence limit of the number of previously undiagnosed HD patients in India was 381,000 patients. (This corresponds to an upper estimate of point prevalence of around 3 HD patients/10,000 population. HD in India appears to be somewhat less eliminated than we would like it to be). 40% of these previously undiagnosed patients had signs of MB HD.

 

What are the sources of concentrated viable HD bacilli?

 

The WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (4) previously had reported the proportion of actively detected Indian HD patients with a BI (bacillary index) greater than 3+ log units. The said proportion was 1% in India. Therefore, assuming for present purposes that all patients with BI > 3+ have LL HD, it seems likely that as many as 4000 LL HD patients remain undiagnosed and untreated in India at any given time. This number tends to reduce as active case-finding gains frequency and intensity. However, even with intensive active case-finding, undiagnosed "de novo" LL HD patients tend to be missed wherever clinical expertise or smear microscopy are lacking.

 

Incidentally, persons with the early stages of "de novo" LL HD tend to show the least conspicuous signs among all new HD patients. They typically show no patches, not even clear enlargement of peripheral nerves. However, "de novo" LL HD patients still tend to show millions of densely packed acid-fast bacilli in nasal smears even before physical signs become prominent. (5) 

 

The WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (6) in 2023 reported that re-treatment was found necessary in 7600 Indian HD patients during the preceding year. LL HD patients tend to be over-represented among all patients requiring re-treatment, partly because they include patients with genomically linked anergy. Such over-representation of LL HD is likely in India where 95% of all MB patients are reported to have completed the 12 monthly doses of rifampicin in MDT.(6)

 

An LL patient denied anti-microbial protection can develop and shed as many as ten million viable bacilli per day, or even per nose blow, before or after anti-microbial treatment. (5)  Accordingly, several thousand unprotected LL patients in India are likely to be shedding astronomical numbers of viable HD bacilli at any given time. These are likely to include around 4000 previously undiagnosed LL patients plus several thousand more previously treated LL HD patients. 

 

Recurrence after MDT among genomically anergic LL patients is more frequent than we would like. It can arise either by endogenous relapse or exogenous reinfection or both. (7-12) Therefore, previously treated LL HD patients with anergy are likely to form an important source of concentrated viable HD bacilli in endemic areas of India. In well-run programmes, expert clinicians reduce the number of missed LL HD patients. In such areas, and possibly elsewhere too, previously treated but reinfected anergic LL HD patients could well form the dominant source of concentrated, viable bacilli.

 

 

Implications and effective action

 

The evidence suggests that HD will continue to spread in India for decades, unless

 

a) "De novo" LL HD is diagnosed more reliably and promptly, especially in the absence of prominent physical signs.

 

b) Previously treated LL patients in endemic areas are protected against reinfection. One option is post-MDT chemoprophylaxis with fully supervised potent drugs (e.g., rifapentine or rifampicin + moxifloxacin + minocycline - PMM instead of just ROM - rifampicin + ofloxacin + minocycline). For destitute patients, or in low income areas, MDT itself could serve as "poor person's" post-MDT chemoprophylaxis. Not optimal, but better than zero anti-microbial protection for anergic LL HD patients in endemic areas.

 

Allowing HD patients and professionals to succeed

 

Are we really keen to exclude previously treated LL HD patients from anti-microbial protection? Must they be excluded until painful ENL neuritis drives them to seek help? Would we be as quick to exclude them if we ourselves had LL HD with genomically linked anergy and lived in an endemic hot spot? Especially if we had experienced a bout of excruciatingly painful ENL? Would we still be deaf to the pleas of other HD patients for good anti-microbial protection in endemic areas?

 

Some well-informed health professionals have themselves experienced HD. They tend to show more than usual compassion and respect for HD patients. It is within our power to emulate their compassion. How are they supposed to do their best for HD affected patients and populations if we handcuff them with restrictions? In places such as Karigiri (2) and Uele (13) professionals armed with compassion and respect for all achieved rapid decline in the incidence rate of MB HD. The only "party line" they followed was compassion and good professional standards. They set out to provide excellent care for their patients and populations, and ended up with world-leading outcomes and epidemiological impact.

 

HD transmission in India appears to be maintained by the exclusion of LL HD patients from anti-microbial protection, before diagnosis or after 12 doses of intermittent rifampicin. It is within our power as a well-informed, compassionate, influential community respectful of human rights and facts, to stand shoulder to shoulder with patients and populations at risk. We could allow LL patients in endemic areas to have anti-microbial protection beyond just 12 doses of rifampicin. In doing so, we can hope to match the successful projects that achieved rapid, well-documented decline of MB HD. (2,13,14) Are we opposed to the rapid decline of MB HD in endemic areas? 

 

 

Best,

 

 

Joel

 

 

 

 

References

 

1.   Gitte S, Rewaria L, Santaram V, Jamil S. Descriptive Study of High Leprosy Endemic Pockets and Exploring Occurrence Factors of Multicase Families in the Village of Salaunikhurd of Chhattisgarh State. Int J Med. Public Health. 2021; 11(2):113-117

 

2.    Norman G, Bhushanam JDRS, Samuel P. Trends in leprosy over 50 years in Gudiyatham Taluk, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Ind J Lepr 2006. 78(2): 167-185. reviewed and analysed further in: 3a. Almeida J. Karigiri, India: How transmission rapidly was reduced in a low-income population.  LML 29 Oct 2020

 

3.    Katoch K, Aggarwal A, Yadav VS, Pandey A. National sample survey to assess the new case disease burden of leprosy in India. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2017; 146(5): 585-605.

 

4.    WHO WER 1998, 73, 153-160

 

5.   Davey TF, Rees RJ. The nasal dicharge in leprosy: clinical and bacteriological aspects. Lepr Rev. 1974 Jun;45(2):121-34

 

6.   WHO WER 2023, 98, 409–430

 

7.    Girdhar BK, Girdhar A, Kumar A. Relapses in multibacillary leprosy: effect of length of therapy. Lepr Rev. 2000 Jun;71(2):144-53

 

8.    Singh I, Ahuja M, Lavania M, Pathak VK, Turankar RP, Singh V, et al. Efficacy of fixed duration multidrug therapy for the treatment of multibacillary leprosy: A prospective observational study from Northern India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023;89:226-32.

 

9.   Stefani MMA, Avanzi C, Buhrer-Sekula S, Benjak A, Loiseau C, Singh P Whole genome sequencing distinguishes between relapse and reinfection in recurrent HD cases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11: e0005598

 

10.   Sartori PVU, Penna GO, Bührer-Sékula S et al. Human Genetic Susceptibility of Leprosy Recurrence. Scientific Reports 2020 volume 10, Article number: 1284

 

11.   Gonçalves FG, Belone AFF, Rosa PS, Laporta GZ.Underlying mechanisms of leprosy  recurrence in the Western Amazon . BMC Infectious Diseases (2019) 19:460

 

12.   Narang T, Almeida JG, Kumar B, Rao PN, Suneetha S, Frade MAC, et al. Fixed duration multidrug therapy (12 months) in leprosy patients with high bacillary load – Need to look beyond. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2024;90:64-7. doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_278_2023

 

13.   Tonglet R, Pattyn SR, Nsansi BN et al. The reduction of the leprosy endemicity in northeastern Zaire 1975/1989 J.Eur J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;6(4):404-6 reviewed in: 13a. Almeida J. Reducing transmission in poor hyperendemic areas - evidence from Uele (DRC). LML 29 Nov 2019


14.     Li HY, Weng XM, Li T et al. Long-Term Effect of Leprosy Control in Two Prefectures of China, 1955-1993. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1995 Jun;63(2):213-221. reviewed & analysed further in: 14a. Almeida J. What really happened in Shandong? LML 16 Nov 2019

 

 

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

 

 

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Tuesday, January 9, 2024

Fw: Ref.: (LML) Infolep monthly overview of new publications on leprosy. January, 2024

 


Leprosy Mailing List – January 9,  2024

 

Ref.:  (LML) Infolep monthly overview of new publications on leprosy. January, 2024

 

From:  Roos Geutjes & Josephine Breman-Srivastava, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

 

Dear colleagues, 

At the end of the month, there are two important days. On the 28th of January, we are celebrating World Leprosy Day (WLD). This year's theme is "Ending Stigma, Embracing Dignity". This theme reminds us to continuously work towards eradicating the stigma associated with leprosy and to promote the dignity of people affected by leprosy. On the 30th of January, we are celebrating World Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) Day (WNTDD: Unite. Act. Eliminate). This day is a reminder that it is our responsibility to collectively confront inequalities and put an end to diseases that are preventable. We look forward to meeting you on social media platforms during these days. Let's make some noise together!

This Newsletter has an extensive and interesting list of new publications due to the new issue of Leprosy Review and the Issue Supplement 3 of International Health which focuses on Mental Health, Stigma, and Neglected Tropical Diseases. There is also a special section with a request from an ILEP Working Group for Information, Education, and Communication (IEC). Additionally, you can find interesting upcoming events; such as an ILEP workshop; and some funding opportunities in the News and Events section. 

Warm regards,

Roos Geutjes & Josephine Breman-Srivastava

www.infolep.org
info@infolep.org

Practical Materials


Pocket Information Card: Skin screening & SDR-PEP (Pocket guide)
NLR . 2024.
 

PLOS - Writing Center (Database)
PLOS . n.d.
 

Inclusive Communication Guide for International Cooperation (Guidelines)
Partos . 2023.
 

Proposal and Grant Applications (Course Self-taught)
Johns Hopkins University and Management Sciences for Health . Resource Mobilization Implementation Kit. 2016.
 

ILEP Working Group request

A working group from ILEP is trying to understand gaps in existing Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) resources regarding leprosy. Therefore they are conducting an inventory of materials already available. We kindly ask for your support in sharing IEC materials on the following topics:

  • IEC materials that explain the societal benefits of early screening (e.g.: reduced disease burden and morbidity; better quality of life, etc).
  • IEC resources that can convince non-formal medical practitioners to refer suspected cases.
  • Videos on stories of change with persons cured of leprosy talking about their journey
  • IEC resources that can normalise disability and compel people to look beyond it.
  • IEC resources that explain the use of MDT and the harm it can cause if the prescribed dosage is not adhered to.
  • Resources that can distinguish between leprosy reactions and side-effects of MDT.

If you have any to share, please share them with us via email. We are looking forward to hearing from you!

Highlighted Publications

Steps towards eliminating Hansen's disease stigma
Deps P, Delboni L, Oliveira TIA, et al. International Health. Oxford University Press (OUP). 2023; 15 (Supplement_3) : iii7-iii9.
 

Impact of basic psychological support on stigma and the mental well-being of people with disabilities due to leprosy and lymphatic filariasis: a postintervention evaluation study
Mol MM, Miedema JM, van Wijk R, et al. International Health. Oxford University Press (OUP). 2023; 15 (Supplement_3) : iii70-iii78.
 

Integration of services for Neglected Tropical Diseases and mental health in Nigeria: development of a practical model informed by international recommendations, contextual factors and service-user perspectives
Eaton J, Afolaranmi T, Tsaku P, et al. International Health. Oxford University Press (OUP). 2023; 15 (Supplement_3) : iii47-iii58.
 

Money matters: Priorities in leprosy research funding
Scollard D, Trienekens SCM, Tucker A, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 364-368.
 

Elimination of leprosy redefined as "interruption of transmission" – still many challenges
Fine P. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 258-261.

New publications


Feel free to contact us to receive full-text versions if these cannot be found through the Infolep portal.

A retrospective analysis of leprosy relapse patients after treatment with WHO-MDT at a tertiary institute in South India
Gupta NM, Gupta D, Nath B, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 309-316.
 

Building the resilience of leprosy-affected people: lessons from Bangladesh
Karim MM, Barua R, George S, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 369-371.
 

Why we need to continue to target field workers and healthcare providers at the primary level to prevent visual loss in leprosy
Anand S. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 372-374.
 

Pure neuritic leprosy and Buerger's disease: Not a cause -- maybe an association?
Narang T, Dogra S, Kumar B. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 375-377.
 

Integrated services for neglected tropical diseases and mental health: pilot study assessing acceptability, feasibility and attitudes in Benue State, Nigeria
Obindo T, Eaton J, Tsaku P, et al. International Health. Oxford University Press (OUP). 2023; 15 (Supplement_3) : iii37-iii46.
 

Mental health, stigma and the quality of life of people affected by neglected tropical diseases of the skin in Kasai Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a sex-disaggregated analysis
Seekles ML, Kadima JK, Ding Y, et al. International Health. Oxford University Press (OUP). 2023; 15 (Supplement_3) : iii28-iii36.
 

Prevalence of oral manifestations of leprosy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mezaiko E, Silva LR, Prudente TP, et al. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology. Elsevier BV. 2023.
 

Clinicoepidemiologic profile of leprosy in geriatric population in post-elimination era: A retrospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study from Eastern India
Pradhan S, Shahid R, Singh S. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. Medknow. 2023; 12 (11) : 2780-2785.
 

Comparison of antiphenolic glycolipid-1 antibody levels in seropositive contacts of leprosy after 2 years of single-dose rifampicin as postexposure prophylaxis.
Fantoni O, Rusmawardiana R, Yahya Y, et al. International journal of mycobacteriology. 2023; 12 (4) : 399-406.
 

Bioinformatic approach for repurposing immunomodulatory drugs for lepromatous leprosy.
Espitia G, Arenas N, Gutiérrez-Castañeda L, et al. International journal of mycobacteriology. 2023; 12 (4) : 388-393.
 

Mycobacterium leprae is able to infect adipocytes, inducing lipolysis and modulating the immune response.
Reis S, Gonçalves J, Lima K, et al. Microbes and infection. 2023.
 

Novel mutations found in Mycobacterium leprae DNA repair gene nth from central India.
Sharma M, Dwivedi P, Joshi V, et al. Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. 2023.
 

Endemic Foci of Leprosy in Namangan Region (Retrospective Analysis)
Shokolonova N. M. International Multidisciplinary Journal for Research & Development. 2023; 10 (11) : 57-60.
 

Quality of Life Among People with Leprosy-Related Disability In Tamil Nadu: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sasithra S , Raja D . National Journal of Community Medicine. Medsci Publications. 2023; 14 (12) : 807-813.
 

Artificial Intelligence on Diagnostic Aid of Leprosy: A Systematic Literature Review
Fernandes JRN, Teles AS, Fernandes TRS, et al. Journal of Clinical Medicine. MDPI AG. 2023.
 

Cytokines profile in pure neural leprosy.
Pitta I, Angst D, Pinheiro R, et al. Frontiers in immunology. 2023.
 

Application of a physiotherapeutic protocol associated with photobiomodulation for the treatment of leprosy patients.
Duarte V, Bonazza D, Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco A, et al. Lasers in medical science. 2023; 39 (1) : 12.
 

Xenophagy as a Strategy for Elimination during Type 1 or Type 2 Leprosy Reactions: A Systematic Review.
Cerqueira D, Pereira A, da Costa A, et al. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland). 2023; 12 (12) : 1-14.
 

Historical account of clinical observations on leprosy and related manifestations in the Comacchio area, Italy, in the XIX century.
Vicentini C, Contini C. Le infezioni in medicina. 2023; 31 (4) : 591-599.
 

(MIP) Vaccine: Pharmacology, Indication, Dosing Schedules, Administration, and Side Effects in Clinical Practice.
Dogra S, Jain S, Sharma A, et al. Indian dermatology online journal. 2023; 14 (6) : 753-761.
 

Genogramas em comunidades afetadas pela hanseníase: explorando aspectos sociais e fatores de risco em Limeira de Mantena - MG
Souza T. D. de M., de Oliveira L. B. P, Velloso-Rodrigues C, et al. Revista Científica FACS. 2023; 23 (2) : 10-24.
 

A Face Sociocultural Da Haneníase: Uma narrativa geo-histórica e cinematográfica
Santos DO, Lacerda CMSD. Stricto Sensu Editora. 2023.
 

Aspectos nutricionais relacionados às pessoas com hanseníase: revisão integrativa
Martins F. A. R, Barros L. F, Galiza F. T. de, et al. Facit Business and Technology Journal. 2023; 1 (47) : 1-15.
 

Intervención Farmacéutica Educativa en pacientes que finalizaron el tratamiento contra la lepra
Aguilera M, Samaniego Silva LR, Samudio M. Pharmaceutical Care España. Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España. 2023; 25 (6) : 15-31.
 

Hanseníase e agenda internacional sobre reabilitação e acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência
Peruzzo P. P, Gonçalves N. I. G, Silva L. V. C. da. Revista Eletronica do Curso de Direito. 2023.
 

Estratégias de autocuidado em hanseníase adotadas pelos profissionais da equipe multiprofissional de saúde
Sousa TEP, Aragão JMN, Brito NDN. Revista da Faculdade Paulo Picanço. Faculdade Paulo Picanço. 2023; 3 (4) : 1-22.
 

Ciento cincuenta años del descubrimiento del bacilo de Hansen. Una mirada al pasado y una reflexión bioética
Sarmiento L. M. M. Revista Medecina. 2023; 45 (3) : 576-588.

WHO Global leprosy (Hansen's disease) update, 2022: New paradigm – control to elimination
Saunderson P. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 262-263.
 

Mapping leprosy in Ethiopia: Capture and analysis of district and health facility data to identify and map high leprosy burden districts
Fekadu L, Lambert SM, Kebede T, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 264-275.
 

Spatial analysis reveals failures in leprosy control activities in a hyperendemic city in Brazil
Franca J, Aires C, Nobre M, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 276-285.
 

Effect of hope, spirituality and social support on quality of life among people affected by leprosy in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Nugraheni R, Murti B, Irwanto ME, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 332-340.
 

Leprosy capacity in health facilities and among health workers: A baseline survey in Nigeria
Dahiru T, Abdullahi SH, van Knippenberg K, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 317-331.
 

Knowledge and perception of leprosy amongst high school students in Italy: A survey
Fiorin E, Cristiani E, Roberts C. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 341-349.
 

Evaluation of skin temperature in the hands of leprosy patients to detect peripheral autonomic dysfunction, by infrared thermography
Sabino EFP, Fernandes dos Santos D, Eulálio Antues D, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 299-308.
 

Leprosy in Sri Lanka: Epidemiological trends between 1985–2021
Wijesinghe MSD, Prasad Ranaweera KDN, Fine P. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 286-298.
 

Stigma, depression and quality of life among people affected by neglected tropical diseases in Nepal.
Thapa D, Dahal H, Chaulagain D, et al. International health. 2023; 15 (Supplement_3) : iii79-iii86.
 

Impact of basic psychological support on stigma and mental well-being of people with disabilities due to leprosy and lymphatic filariasis: a proof-of-concept study.
Agarwal A, Nayak P, van Brakel W, et al. International health. 2023; 15 (Supplement_3) : iii59-iii69.
 

Mental health and neglected tropical diseases – the neglected dimension of burden: identifying the challenges and understanding the burden
Molyneux DH. International Health. Oxford University Press (OUP). 2023; 15 (Supplement_3) : iii3-iii6.
 

Risk factors for increasing leprosy treatment dropout cases reported in specific areas in Tangerang District
Kunarisasi S, Puspaningtias J, Segeir F. Bali Medical Journal. 2024; 13 (1) : 216-222.
 

A Cytokine Response in Leprosy: Literature Review
Ismawatie E, Azizah I. H, Maulani Y. International Innovation Technology Expo Proceedings. 2023; 1 (1) : 121-129.
 

Dapsone determination in tablets to leprosy treatment using a portable NIR spectrometer
Santos JDS, Diniz PHGD, Soares Sobrinho JL, et al. Journal of Molecular Structure. Elsevier BV. 2024.
 

Colonial Medicine and Leprosy in Uganda
Jenga F. Islands of Extreme Exclusion. BRILL. 2023.
 

Risk factors of leprosy in daha husada general hospital, Kediri City
Alim S, Umbul Wahyuni C, Indriani D. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. Universitas Airlangga. 2023; 11 (1) : 68-75.
 

A Case Series of Histoid Leprosy with a Brief Comparison of the Clinical Features with that of Lepromatous Leprosy
Nair S. P, Nair B A. Indian Journal of Leprosy. Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh. 2023; 95 (2) : 131-137.
 

Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiaty Center.
Hsieh C, Hsiao P. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2023; 13 (24) : 1-12.
 

Immunopathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2 Leprosy Reaction: An Update Review.
Dewi D, Djatmiko C, Rachmawati I, et al. Cureus. 2023; 15 (11) : 1-14.
 

Research progress in the off-target effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine.
Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhou L, et al. Chinese medical journal. 2023.
 

Simulation-based training in Leprosy: development and validation of a scenario for community health workers.
Souza R, Moreira J, Dias A, et al. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2023; 76Suppl 2 (Suppl 2) : e20230114.
 

Augusto Bonome and his revolutionary studies on leprosy in the early 20th century.
Valle F, Magno G, Zanatta A. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV. 2023.
 

Prevenção, diagnostico, precoce e notificação de casos da hanseníase no brasil, no período de 2020 a 2022
Jesus TMD, Santos FPD. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação. Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciencias e Educacao. 2023; 9 (10) : 4523-4538.
 

Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase após a pandemia da covid-19
Paula EPL, De Carvalho HM, Ornellas BDC. Revista Contemporânea. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2023; 3 (11) : 23630-23652.
 

Percepção dos pacientes sobre a busca pelo diagnóstico da hanseníase e o atendimento nas Redes de Atenção à Saúde
Sousa JDN, Costa REARD, Leal SRMDD, et al. Hansenologia Internationalis: hanseníase e outras doenças infecciosas. Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. 2023.
 

O processo de trabalho no autocuidado a pessoa com hanseníase: revisão integrativa da literatura
Cruz JR, De Oliveira WL, Yamin Filho MAC, et al. CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2023; 16 (11) : 27591-27610.
 

Prevención de las discapacidades por lepra en la formación de los profesionales del primer nivel de atención
Martinéz T. A, Alemán D. M. H, Pacheco J. A. C. Folia Dermatológica Cubana. 2023; 17 (2) : 1-11.
 

Peningkatan keterampilan tenaga kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan cacat pasien kusta di puskesmas pasar ambon, kota bandar lampung
Sibero H. T, Anggraini D. I, Rahmayani F, et al. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat. 2023; 8 (2) : 112-115.

Case Reports

First case of Lucio's phenomenon in a lepromatous leprosy patient following COVID-19 viral vector vaccine.
Soares-Neto R, da Piedade G, Pereira P, et al. EXCLI journal. 2023.
 

A case of lepromatous leprosy in Arizona, United States.
Robbins K, Luna-Wong L, Adams M, et al. JAAD case reports. 2024.
 

Trans-epidermal elimination of lepra bacilli in histoid leprosy with ulceration: An uncommon presentation
Monalisa K, Sahoo B, Antakanavar GM. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 378-381.
 

A rare case of severe Bullous Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in histoid leprosy
Mannu A, Krishnan L, Vasudevan B, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 358-363.
 

Histoid Leprosy with Localised Facial Lesions: A Unique Presentation
Sindu R. S, Chittarvu K, Cheedirala R. M, et al. Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 2023.
 

Lepra Reactions: Mimickers and Mirror to Unmask Complex Cases of Leprosy
Kumari S, Verma G. K, Negi A. K, et al. Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 2023.
 

Morbus Hansen (Kusta)
Idris F, Mellaratna WP. GALENICAL : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Mahasiswa Malikussaleh. LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh. 2023; 2 (6) : 11-23.


 

An uncommon manifestation of a not-so-common disease: A Sweet dilemma
Fernandes MS, Bhat M. R, Sukumar D, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 350-353.
 

Dapsone induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, sparing leprosy patches as an 'anatopic' response: A case report
Hegde P, Reddy S, Pai K, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2023; 94 (4) : 354-357.
 

Chronic type 2 reaction in lepromatous leprosy with underlying plasmodium falciparum infection: A case report
Sagar HK, Pawar HS. Tropical Doctor. SAGE Publications. 2023.
 

Ulnar nerve mononeuropathy in a patient with Hansen's disease: Clinical and radiological features.
Cuesta J, Rodríguez L, Perdomo L, et al. The neuroradiology journal. 2023.
 

Co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae Complicated by pulmonary embolism: A rare case report
Ruthramoorthy P, Jose J, Revendran J, et al. International journal of mycobacteriology. 2023; 12 (4) : 513-515.
 

Half a Century in Hiding: A Unique Case of Tuberculoid Leprosy with an Unprecedented Incubation Period
Rajani A. J, Raval D. M, Chitale R. A, et al. American Journal of Case Reports. 2024.
 

Identificação de um paciente com hanseníase multibacilar por meio do teste sorológico (LID) em ações de busca ativa
Leite HM, Pinheiro MDS, Santos DCMD, et al. Hansenologia Internationalis: hanseníase e outras doenças infecciosas. Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima. 2023.
 

News & Events

ISNTD Kamran Rafiq Science Communication Internship

The International Society for Neglected Tropical Diseases (ISNTD) has launched its first ever ISNTD Kamran Rafiq Science Communication Internship! Aimed at those aged 18-30, this online internship aims to engage the global youth in the dynamic, multi-faceted and fascinating fields of tropical and infectious diseases, whilst providing an opportunity to discover and develop science communication tools and skills. The application deadline is January 11th, 2024. 
 

The 2024 Entrepreneurs for Resilience Award

Entrepreneurs for Resilience Award invite applications from social entrepreneurs who aim to improve low-income people's access to quality primary healthcare in LMICs by offering a hybrid delivery model that combines a physical point of care and supportive digital tools. The application deadline is 23rd of January, 2024. 
 

RESILIENTD call for proposals – Budget round 2025

In collaboration with the Anesvad Foundation, the Leprosy Research Initiative (LRI) is inviting research proposals on the social determinants of health in the context of skin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) including leprosy, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. Deadline for submitting Letter of Intent is January 26, 2024 at 23:59 (CET).
 

'Ending Stigma, Embracing Dignity'  RSTMH Webinar
February 2, 2024; 13:00-14:00 GMT; Online.

The RSTMH will be hosting a webinar in honour of World Leprosy Day (28 January). This webinar will focus on the theme of the day: Ending Stigma, Embracing Dignity. This webinar will feature a panel discussion from leading experts in the field of leprosy, chaired by Professor Saba Lambert, Leprosy Clinician at ALERT Hospital, Ethiopia, and Clinical Research Fellow at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM).
 

TropicalMed 2023 Best PhD Thesis Award 

TropicalMed is inviting applications for the TropicalMed 2023 Best PhD Thesis Award. The prize will be awarded to a PhD student or recently qualified PhD who produced a highly anticipated thesis with great academic potential. Application deadline is the 31 January 2024.
 

TropicalMed  2023 Young Investigator Award

TropicalMed is inviting nominations for the TropicalMed 2023 Young Investigator Award. The prize will be given to one young investigator in recognition of their excellence in the field of tropical medicine and infectious disease. 
The nomination deadline is the 31st of January, 2024.

ILEP Workshop - Empowering Sustainable Organizations representing persons affected by leprosy 
January 17, 2024; 13:00-15:00 CET; Online.

The ILEP Secretariat is organising a workshop to discuss the role of ILEP and ILEP members in empowering sustainable organisations representing persons affected by leprosy. Full details, including the context, objectives, and agenda, are available in English, French, and Portuguese. In case you are interested in participating, kindly register through this link by Friday 12 January. 
 

World Skin Health Day | Guinea 2024
January 27-31, 2024; Guinea.

For its fourth edition, the World Skin Health Day is celebrated in Guinea. The Congress is organized by the International League of Dermatological Societies (ILDS) and the International Society of Dermatology. In collaboration with WHO, the day of January 30 is entirely dedicated to NTDs, as the date coincides with the World NTD Day. 
 

LRI Regular call for proposals – Budget round 2025

The Leprosy Research Initiative (LRI) has announced its annual call for proposals for funding commencing in 2024. LRI funds research with a focus on leprosy – including research applications combining leprosy with other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) or other diseases or disabilities that share cross-cutting issues with leprosy.  Deadline for submitting Letter of Intent is January 26, 2024 at 23:59 (CET).
 

Sasakawa Health Foundation: Call for Grant Proposals for Hansen's Disease

The Sasakawa Health Foundation has opened a call for grant proposals that focus on one or all of three areas: tackling disease, fighting discrimination, and preserving history. The application period for projects starting in September 2024 is March 11 - April 12, 2024.
 

The Health for All Film Festival

The 5th Health for ALL Film Festival calls for submissions from 1st of November 2023 to the 31st of January 2024. Public institutions, NGO's, communities, activists and students in public health, film schools, and other relevant domains are invited to submit their short films. The main categories are: Universal Health Coverage, Health Emergencies, and Better Health and Well-being. 
 

8th Health Systems Global Symposium on Health Systems Research
November 18-22, 2024, Japan.

The 8th Global Symposium on Health Systems Research will be held in Nagasaki, Japan in 2024. The theme of  the Symposium is "Building Just and Sustainable Health Systems: Centring People and Protecting the Planet". 

Links

Info Hansen - A innovative hub for knowledge sharing about Hansen's Disease
 

ALLF - Official website of the Association des Léprologues de Langue Française
 

LML - Leprosy Mailing List - a free moderated email list that allows all persons interested in leprosy to share ideas, information, experiences and questions
 

InfoNTD - Information on cross-cutting issues in Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

ILEP newsletter archive

GPZL newsletter subscription

WHO Goodwill Ambassador's Leprosy Bulletin

Leprosy Review

Leprosy Review Repository (1928-2001)

Fontilles Revista de Leprología

Indian Journal of Leprosy

Hansenologia Internationalis

HARP - database of Hansen's Disease Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles

GDPR & the Infolep newsletter

 
New EU data protection regulations came into force on 25 May 2018. We have been reviewing our practices with regards to the GDPR, including our privacy statement and mailing list.

Infolep sends out monthly e-mails with an overview of recent publications on leprosy and related issues. The purpose of this activity is to keep subscribers up to date.

Infolep will only process the data we have (names, email addresses) for the purpose of sending you the newsletter. We take your security seriously and will never share your contact details with anyone else.

You can update your preferences or unsubscribe from this list at any time.

 

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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