Wednesday, September 30, 2020

Fw: (LML) New publications on cross-cutting issues in NTDs. September 2020



Leprosy Mailing List – September 30,  2020

 

Ref.:  (LML) New publications on cross-cutting issues in NTDs. September 2020

 

From:  Roos Geutjes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands


 

 

Dear colleagues, 

Down the list of this month's selection of publications you will find a section that shares information on upcoming webinars, news and grant opportunities. 

From 8-10 September, the annual Neglected Tropical Disease NGO Network (NNN) conference took place. Many interesting, thought-provoking presentations and workshops were held. In case you were not able to attend the conference, no worries! The NNN has recorded all sessions, which can be accessed by clicking here. 

The NNN DMDI-Cross Cutting Group issues a call to action to all member organisations, partners and other stakeholders in the NTD community to adopt the EASI strategy to ensure that persons affected by NTDs have the space and the support for meaningful and effective participation. Read the NNN "Statement of commitment to the participation of persons affected by NTDs" to learn more. 

Does your organisation develop practical materials that might be useful to others working in the NTD sector? Please share any (links to) valuable resources with us so we can disseminate these within the wider NTD community. 

Enjoy reading the latest NTD publications that are listed below. Feel free to contact us to receive the full-text versions when a link to the full text is not included. We will also gladly support you with literature research. 

Warm regards,
Roos Geutjes

InfoNTD Coordinator
www.InfoNTD.org
info@InfoNTD.org

 


 

Practical materials

 


 

Practical Approaches to Implementing WHO Guidance for Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Programs in the Context of COVID-19: Mass Drug Administration (MDA)
USAID. 2020.
Abstract This resource document complements the WHO guidance. Firstly, it reiterates guidance on precautionary measures to consider when planning for re-start; secondly, it provides ideas and practical examples on operationalizing the guidance so that it can be applied to field activities.
Read more 
 


The Community Engagement in Eye Health Assessment Tool (CEEHAT)
Dodson S, Perez-Hazel Y, Beauchamp A, et al. The Fred Hollows Foundation. 2020.
Abstract In our efforts to strengthen our practice, we developed CEEHAT to assess community opportunity, capacity and motivation to engage with eye health and care, and identify areas for eye health service quality improvement.
Read more
 


WHO Digital Health Guidelines: a milestone for global health
Labrique A, Agarwal S, Tamrat T, et al. npj digital medicine. 2020.
Abstract  Given the pivotal role digital health can play in supporting health systems, seen especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, these guidelines can help provide a roadmap for governments and policymakers in introducing and scaling up digital health interventions to support population health outcomes.
Read more

 


 

NTDs & COVID-19

 


 

From leprosy to COVID-19, how stigma makes it harder to fight epidemics
Chandrashekhar V. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2020.
Read more 
 


Neglected tropical diseases: impact of COVID-19 and WHO's response
World Health Organization . Weekly epidemiological record. 2020.
Read more
 


Neglected tropical diseases in non-endemic countries in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: the great forgotten.
Tilli M, Olliaro P, Gobbi F, et al. Journal of travel medicine. 2020.
Read more
 


The SARS-CoV-2 crisis and its impact on neglected tropical diseases: Threat or opportunity?
Chaumont C, Kamara K, Baring E, et al. Public Library of Science (PLoS). PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020; 14 (9) : e0008680. 
Abstract This commentary reflects on how the current crisis modifies the future of the NTD sector focused on the five diseases treated through preventative chemotherapy (often called PC-NTDs) NTDs.
Read more
 


Addressing COVID-19 in humanitarian settings: a call to action
Alawa J, Alawa N, Coutts A, et al. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. Conflict and Health. 2020.
Abstract While addressing COVID-19 in humanitarian settings may appear to be an acute challenge, stakeholders, especially national governments and international donors, can consider commitments to combatting COVID-19 as long-term investments in the success of a given country's health system and the livelihood of its inhabitants.
Read more
 


COVID-19 opens a window of reflection for comparative health systems and global health research
Ağartan Tİ. Cambridge University Press (CUP). New Perspectives on Turkey. 2020.
Abstract This commentary reviews two literatures that remain rather separate: comparative health policy and global health. 
Read more
 


COVID-19: Implications for People with Chagas Disease
Zaidel E, Forsyth C, Novick G, et al. FapUNIFESP (SciELO). 2020.
Abstract In this document, a follow-up to the WHF-IASC Roadmap on CD, we assess the implications of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of CD. 
Read more
 


What COVID-19 Reveals about the Neglect of WASH within Infection Prevention in Low-Resource Healthcare Facilities
McGriff JA, Denny L. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2020.
Abstract What COVID-19 reveals about infection prevention in low-resource healthcare facilities is that we can no longer afford to "work around" WASH deficiencies. 
Read more

 


 

New publications

 


 

Summary of global update on implementation of preventive chemotherapy against neglected tropical diseases in 2019
World Health Organization . Weekly epidemiological record. 2020.
Read more
 


Does improving the skills of researchers and decision-makers in health policy and systems research lead to enhanced evidence-based decision making in Nigeria?—A short term evaluation
Onwujekwe O, Etiaba E, Mbachu C, et al. Public Library of Science (PLoS). PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (9) : e0238365,
Abstract Strengthening the capacity of producers and users of research is a more sustainable strategy for developing the field of HPSR in Africa, than relying on training in high-income countries.
Read more
 


Neglected tropical diseases in Brazil: lack of correlation between disease burden, research funding and output.
Fonseca B, Albuquerque P, Zicker F. Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH. 2020.
Abstract To assess the correlation between the burden of seven priority neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) included in the Brazilian National Agenda of Priorities in Health Research and their respective research funding and output.
Read more
 


NTDs in the 2020s: An epic struggle of effective control tools versus the Anthropocene.
Hotez P. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2020; 14 (9) : e0007872. 
Read more
 


Assessment of surveillance core and support functions regarding neglected tropical diseases in Kenya
Ng'etich AKS, Voyi K, Mutero CM. Research Square. 2020.
Abstract The study aimed to assess surveillance system core and support functions relating to PC-NTDs in Kenya. 
Read more
 


Implementation Research Training for Learners in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evaluating Behavior Change after Participating in A Massive Online Open Course
Launois P, Maher D, Certain E, et al. Research Square. 2020.
Abstract This article reports on the evaluation of a massive open online course (MOOC) developed by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases hosted by the World Health Organization on the topic of IR with a focus on infectious diseases of poverty. 
Read more
 


Psychometric assessment of the EMIC Stigma Scale for Brazilians affected by leprosy.
Morgado F, da Silveira E, Nascimento L, et al. PloS one. 2020; 15 (9) : e0239186. 
Abstract This study investigated the factor structure, the convergent and known-groups validity, and the reliability of the EMIC-SS for Brazilians affected by leprosy.
Read more
 


The program and policy change framework: A new tool to measure research use in low- and middle-income countries
Fowle K, Wells B, Day M, et al. Oxford University Press (OUP). Research Evaluation. 2020.
Abstract the Center for Development Research (CDR), part of the U.S. Global Development Lab at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has designed a new tool: the Program and Policy Change (PPC) framework for tracking and quantifying the influence of research on program and policy change in international development. 
Read more
 


Evaluation of integrated control of three dog transmitted zoonoses: Rabies, visceral leishmaniasis and cystic echinococcosis, in Morocco
El Berbri I, Mahir W, Shaw A, et al. Elsevier BV. Acta Tropica. 2020.
Abstract The objective of this component was to implement, and then evaluate an Integrated Control Intervention (ICI) against three dog transmitted zoonoses, namely rabies, visceral leishmaniasis, and cystic echinococcosis.
Read more
 


Prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa: A systematic scoping review
Ngowi HA. Elsevier BV. Food and Waterborne Parasitology. 2020.
Abstract This systematic scoping review informs on the prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa from 1st of January 1941 to 31st of December 2019. 
Read more
 


The burden of stigma
Chandrashekhar V. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Science. 2020; 369 (6510) : 1419-1423.
Abstract Stigma encourages people to hide illness and avoid treatment, and it intensifies patient stress and reinforces inequality. The history of past epidemics, from leprosy and cholera to HIV, shows the hidden burden of stigma on individuals and societies.
Read more
 


Neglected Tropical Diseases and Other Infectious Diseases Affecting the Heart. The NET-Heart Project: Rationale and Design
Burgos LM, Farina J, Liendro MC, et al. Ubiquity Press, Ltd.. Global Heart. 2020.
Abstract There is a substantial gap between the burden of disease for NTDs in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and research devoted to the affected populations. We created a Latin-American initiative with emerging leaders (EL) from the Interamerican Society of Cardiology (IASC) with the objective to perform multiple systematic reviews of NTDs and other infectious diseases affecting the heart: The NET-Heart Project.
Read more
 


When to replicate systematic reviews of interventions: consensus checklist
Tugwell P, Welch VA, Karunananthan S, et al. BMJ. BMJ. 2020.
Read more
 


Addressing barriers of community participation and access to mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination in Coastal Kenya using a participatory approach.
Njomo D, Kibe L, Kimani B, et al. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2020; 14 (9) : e0008499. 
Abstract This study sought to identify barriers of community participation and access to MDA, develop and test strategies to be recommended for improved uptake. 
Read more
 


Identifying research questions for HIV, tuberculosis, tuberculosis-HIV, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases through the World Health Organization guideline development process: a retrospective analysis, 2008-2018.
Hargreaves S, Himmels J, Nellums L, et al. Public health. 2020.
Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the knowledge gaps and research questions for addressing those gaps generated through the WHO guideline development process, with the goal of informing future strategies for improving and strengthening the guideline development process.
Read more
 


Activity limitation and social participation restriction among leprosy patients in Boru Meda Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Abdela S, van Henten S, Abegaz S, et al. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2020; 14 (9) : e0008702. 
Abstract Leprosy related disability affects patients' day to day physical activities and their participation in social activities. Assessing the degree of activity limitation and social participation is recommended to show disability and assess the efficacy of rehabilitation efforts.
Read more
 


The impact of Worms and Ladders, an innovative health educational board game on Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis control in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria
Bassey DB, Mogaji HO, Dedeke GA, et al. Public Library of Science (PLoS). PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020; 14 (9) : e0008486.
Abstract In this study, we designed a new health educational board game Worms and Ladders and evaluated its potential to complement MDA with albendazole and reduce reinfection rates through the promotion of good hygiene practices among school-aged children. 
Read more
 


Accelerating access to medicines in a changing world
Kettler H, Lehtimaki S, Schwalbe N. WHO Press. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2020; 98 (9) : 641-643. 
Read more
 


Village Response to Mass Drug Administration for Schistosomiasis in Mwanza Region, Northwestern Tanzania: Are We Missing Socioeconomic, Cultural, and Political Dimensions?
Mwanga JR, Kinung'hi SM, Mosha J, et al. American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2020.
Abstract
Read more
 


Impact of annual and semi-annual mass drug administration for Lymphatic Filariasis and Onchocerciasis on Hookworm Infection in Côte d'Ivoire
Loukouri A, Méité A, Koudou BG, et al. Public Library of Science (PLoS). PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020; 14 (9) : e0008642.
Abstract The objective of the current study was to determine whether five semi-annual rounds of community-wide MDA to eliminate LF and onchocerciasis have a greater impact on STH than three annual rounds of MDA with similar compliance. 
Read more
 


A cost-analysis of conducting population-based prevalence surveys for the validation of the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in Amhara, Ethiopia
Slaven RP, Stewart AEP, Zerihun M, et al. Public Library of Science (PLoS). PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020; 14 (9) : e0008401.
Abstract This study conducted an analysis of the cost of 8 rounds of TIS/TSS executed in Amhara, Ethiopia, 2012–2016.
Read more
 


Image Analysis and Feature Extraction of Kato-Katz Images for Neglected Tropical Diseases Diagnosis
Sinada F, Reni SK, Kale I. IEEE. 2020 IEEE 63rd International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). 2020.
Abstract The research is underway to design and develop an automated parasite diagnostic tool, using machine learning based image processing operations. The preliminary findings of the work in which feature extraction algorithms are applied on clinical images as a base to a neural network model for diagnosis is described in this paper.
Read more
 


Twenty Years of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Effective Management of Infectious Disease Epidemics
Mremi I, George J, Rumisha SF, et al. Research Square. 2020.
Abstract This systematic review aimed to analyse how IDSR implementation has embraced advancement in information technology, big data analytics techniques and wealth of data sources to strengthen detection and management of infectious disease epidemics in SSA.
Read more
 


End Users' Initial Perceptions of mHealth in Nigeria: An Investigation of Primary Healthcare Workers' Attitudes to the IMPACT App
Fox G, O'Connor Y, Eze E, et al. International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications. IGI Global. 2020; 11 (4) : 50-64. 
Abstract A qualitative exploratory approach using interviews, presentations, and focus groups was pursued to investigate primary healthcare (PHC) workers' initial perceptions of the proposed IMPACT app to support the assessment of sick young children in the community in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. 
Read more
 


Efficacy, safety and acceptability of a new chewable formulation versus the solid tablet of mebendazole against hookworm infections in children: An open-label, randomized controlled trial
Palmeirim MS, Bosch F, Ame SM, et al. Elsevier BV. EClinicalMedicine. 2020.
Abstract Before being widely used, a sufficient body of evidence on efficacy, safety and acceptability is warranted for the new chewable child-friendly formulation of mebendazole that was recently developed.
Read more

 


 


 


LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

 

New publications on cross-cutting issues in NTDs.
September

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Wednesday, September 23, 2020

Fw: Ref.: (LML) Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) efficacy of rifampin, rifapentine, moxifloxacin, minocycline, and clarithromycin in a susceptible-subclinical model of leprosy

 

 

Leprosy Mailing List – September 23,  2020

 

Ref.:  (LML) Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) efficacy of rifampin, rifapentine, moxifloxacin, minocycline, and clarithromycin in a susceptible-subclinical model of leprosy

 

From:  Pieter AM Schreuder, Maastricht, the Netherlands

 

Dear colleagues,

 

Dr. Naafs sent me the following article – of much interest regarding the point Joel Almeida is making in his recent letters.

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) efficacy of rifampin, rifapentine, moxifloxacin, minocycline, and clarithromycin in a susceptible-subclinical model of leprosy. By Shannon M. Lenz, Jaymes H. Collins, Nashone A. Ray, Deanna A. Hagge, Ramanuj Lahiri and Linda B. Adams


https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008583

https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0008583

 

Conclusions/Significance

The delay in discernible M. leprae growth post-treatment was an excellent indicator of drug efficacy for both early (3–4 months) and late (8–9 months) drug efficacy. Our data indicates that multi-dose PEP may be required to control infection in highly susceptible individuals with subclinical leprosy to prevent disease and decrease transmission.


Regards,


Pieter AM Schreuder


LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Sunday, September 20, 2020

Fw: Ref.: (LML) 1.25 billion US dollars raised rapidly; interest rate tied to key indicators

 


Leprosy Mailing List – September 20,  2020

 

Ref.:  (LML) 1.25 billion US dollars raised rapidly; interest rate tied to key indicators

 

From:  Joel Almeida, London and Mumbai

 

 

Dear Pieter and colleagues,

 

Novartis has raised over 1.25 billion USD within a short time of placing a bond. This is a promise to pay creditors a specified rate of interest (in addition to repaying the capital in due course). Interestingly, the interest rate is tied to the performance of Novartis in improving access to effective interventions against diseases including HD (leprosy).

 

https://esgtoday.com/novartis-launches-healthcare-industrys-first-sustainability-linked-bond-offering/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=novartis-launches-healthcare-industrys-first-sustainability-linked-bond-offering 

 

This is a first in the health sector. It means that Novartis is betting on performing well in terms of widening access to effective interventions for people even in low-income countries. Else Novartis will pay a higher rate of interest on the bond. The money raised can be used to further Novartis' general money-generating goals, and it can do so more effectively if Novartis performs well on widening access to effective interventions.

 

The significance of this pioneering bond is that large businesses can tie their financial performance to the achievement of social goals. 

 

As a part of the small WHO HQ team in the 1990s that brainstormed the transformation of financing for TB control (with some success), I can say that this bond is transformational because it opens the door to governments and others issuing bonds of their own. Governments raise money through taxation, but also through bonds. If governments tied the interest rate on bonds to the government's measurable performance on social goals, then life steadily could improve for the most vulnerable people. 

 

It becomes more important than usual now to fine-tune performance indicators and to measure outcomes reliably. There is a greater incentive to spread interventions, and it is important to ensure that no harmful interventions are spread while vigorously promoting what demonstrably works.

 

Joel Almeida

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Wednesday, September 16, 2020

Fw: Ref.: (LML) The neglected multitude of previously treated patients


 

Leprosy Mailing List – September 16 ,  2020

 

Ref.:  (LML) The neglected multitude of previously treated patients

 

From:  Joel Almeida, London and Mumbai

 

 

 

Dear Pieter and colleagues,

 

The WER (Weekly Epidemiological Record) provides useful clues to what is happening, even though the precision and reliability of reports might be no better than it ought to be. I believe we are at a special point in the millennia-long history of the endemic. We now have enough understanding to match the spectacular past achievement of 20%/year decline in newly detected MB patients, leading rapidly to near-zero transmission. By contrast, even Norway showed no more than 10%/year decline. We know how to do better. The short communication below shows why. 

 

There is no merit in doing the wrong things, even if they temporarily become fashionable. Science works best in an atmosphere of open discussion (like LML). We are waging a war on a tiny but highly damaging enemy, the bacillus. And we are doing this in order to transform human lives for the better. The whole world deserves an opportunity to do what really works, each individual contributing their special talents. In this age of video and easy translation, we can even reach out to hear the voices and experiences of people affected by HD who are otherwise poorly connected. They could help open our eyes to what is really happening.

 

Joel Almeida

 

 
- - - - - - - - - -

 

 

The neglected multitude of previously treated patients

 

In 2019, according to the WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER), 3893 HD (leprosy) cases across the globe were reported as relapses after completion of MDT (multi-drug therapy), and 15 517 patients had restarted treatment for HD. 202,185 newly detected HD patients (all types) were reported. About 10% of HD patients tested yielded drug-resistant bacilli.

 

The trend in the number of newly detected MB (multibacillary) HD patients is probably the most reliable number for tracking the endemic. That is because MB HD rarely self-heals, and sooner or later these patients come to the attention of health services. MB HD cannot easily be swept under the carpet. Therefore, the number of newly detected MB patients/year is less susceptible to artefacts than are many other measures.

 

In India, following intensified case-finding with examination of contacts, plus a greater financial incentive to report non-G2D patients than G2D patients, newly reported MB HD patients declined at only 1% per year between 2015 and 2020 (based on WER data). These numbers suggest that claims about the rapid decline of HD in India (and elsewhere) might be somewhat out of touch with reality.

 

 

 

Figure 1. MB patients newly reported worldwide, by year of reporting until 2019 (see attached file). Stagnation over time, or possibly a slight increase, is apparent.

 

 

What does all this mean epidemiologically?

 

The number of previously treated persons with newly recognised bacillary multiplication was equivalent to about one-tenth of the number of newly detected HD patients of all types. And about one-sixth of the likely number of newly detected MB HD patients. 

 

How long does it take to discern new bacillary multiplication in previously treated HD patients? Over 6 years in research projects with careful follow-up of subjects (2,3,4). Under typical conditions of health care in endemic areas, with absence of skin smear facilities, probably more than 6 years and nearer 10 years or more. 

 

Further, MB HD and LLp (polar lepromatous) HD are significantly over-represented among those newly showing bacillary multiplication. LLp HD patients, in particular, uniquely have the genomes (5,6,7,8) that permit astronomical numbers of viable bacilli to be harboured and shed in high concentration. (9) *

 

Prevalence = Incidence rate x duration

 

Putting all that together, the hidden prevalence of previously treated patients with bacillary multiplication (and potential excretion) equals or exceeds the number of newly detected MB HD patients (by as much as nearly two-fold).

 

In short, the endemic is probably being maintained in recent decades by the neglected multitude of previously treated MB HD patients. Especially neglected LLp HD patients, many of whom are struggling with serious physical and other disabilities in addition to extreme poverty. (10)

 

There is considerable room for improvement in our epidemiological understanding and public health interventions, as well as in our respect for the human rights of the neglected. 

 

As Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states:

"(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control."

 

Article 25 has particular force in HD, because improved medical (and other) care for the neglected multitude promises to improve life not only for them, but also for the entire population of HD endemic areas. 

 

Continued anti-microbial neglect and other neglect of previously treated LLp HD patients is likely to be the single biggest obstacle to ending the transmission of HD, apart from being gratuitously cruel to those persons. If we seek first the improved anti-microbial protection (and comprehensive care) of the neglected multitude, all other things will be added unto us. This includes a likely end to transmission, as demonstrated in provinces where prolonged anti-microbial protection was ensured. That was followed by a rapid decline in newly detected MB HD patients/year, (11,12) even sustained until near-zero transmission. (13)

 

The voices of neglected previously treated HD patients might well help open our eyes, ears and minds to what is actually happening at the front-lines. We are a community of integrity, compassion and science. Therefore, we remain open to clues and keep making the improvements necessary. By respecting Article 25 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, above all in the case of previously treated LLp HD patients, we too can end the transmission of HD.

 

Joel Almeida

 

 

* No other environmental sources of bacilli, apart from infected armadillos, can rival the spectacularly high concentration of astronomical numbers (hundreds of millions or billions) of viable bacilli as found in the nasal excretions of untreated persons with LLp HD. If it were possible for bacilli to not just survive in soil, amoebae, sphagnum moss etc., but actively to multiply prolifically, then we could cultivate the bacilli simply by growing them in such samples. No soil or amoebae or moss etc. have yet been discovered to permit prolific cultivation of the bacilli. Untreated LLp patients and infected armadillos so far remain the only known sources of such astronomical numbers of highly concentrated viable bacilli. This brings zero transmission within reach, especially in continents without armadillos.

 

 

Summary in translation

 

पहले से इलाज किए गए एमबी एचडी (कुष्ठ) के मरीज उपेक्षित हैं। यह फिर से संक्रमण की अनुमति देता है, खासकर एलएलपी एचडी वाले लोगों में। इस तरह एचडी का संचरण जारी रहता है। लंबे समय तक एंटी-माइक्रोबियल संरक्षण, स्वास्थ्य देखभाल बढ़ाई, और बेहतर सामाजिक-आर्थिक देखभाल, पहले से इलाज किए गए एलएलपी एचडी रोगियों के लिए एचडी के प्रसार को समाप्त कर सकता है। इस तरह की सुरक्षा मानव अधिकारों की सार्वभौमिक घोषणा के अनुच्छेद 25.1 का भी सम्मान करेगी।

 

Pacientes MB HD (hanseníase) tratados anteriormente são negligenciados. Isso permite a reinfecção, especialmente entre aqueles com HD Virchowian. É assim que a transmissão de HD continua. A proteção antimicrobiana prolongada, cuidados de saúde aprimorados e o cuidado socioeconômico aprimorado para pacientes em HD Virchowian tratados anteriormente podem acabar com a disseminação da HD. Tal proteção também respeitaria o Artigo 25.1 da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos.

 

Pasien MB HD (kusta) yang sebelumnya dirawat saat ini diabaikan. Hal ini memungkinkan terjadinya infeksi ulang, terutama di antara mereka dengan LL HD polar. Begitulah transmisi HD berlanjut. Perlindungan anti-mikroba yang berkepanjangan, peningkatan perawatan kesehatan, dan perawatan sosial ekonomi yang lebih baik, untuk pasien HD LL kutub yang dirawat sebelumnya dapat menghentikan penyebaran HD. Perlindungan tersebut juga akan menghormati Pasal 25.1 dari Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia.

 

Les patients atteints de MB HD (lèpre) précédemment traités sont actuellement négligés. Cela permet la réinfection, en particulier chez ceux avec LL HD polaire. C'est ainsi que se poursuit la transmission HD. Une protection antimicrobienne prolongée, amélioration des soins de santé et de meilleurs soins socio-économiques pour les patients HD LL polaires préalablement traités peuvent arrêter la propagation de la HD. Une telle protection respectera également l'article 25.1 de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme.

 

Los pacientes con MB HD (lepra) tratados anteriormente están siendo desatendidos actualmente. Esto permite la reinfección, particularmente entre aquellos con HD LL polar. Así es como continúa la transmisión HD. La protección antimicrobiana prolongada, mejor cuidado de la salud, y la atención socioeconómica mejorada para los pacientes con HD polar LL tratados previamente pueden detener la propagación de la HD. Dicha protección también respetará el artículo 25.1 de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos.

 

以前に治療されたMB HD(ハンセン病)患者は無視されます。これにより、特にLLp HD患者の再感染が可能になります。これがHD伝送が続く方法です。以前に治療されたLLp HD患者の長期的な抗菌保護、改善されたヘルスケア、および改善された社会経済的ケアは、世界からの感染を取り除くことができます(アルマジロのある大陸を除く)。そのような保護はまた、世界人権宣言の第25.1条を尊重します。

 

 

 

References

 

1 WHO. WER No 36, 2020, 95, 417–440

2. Penna GO, Bu¨hrer-Se´kula S, Kerr LRS,  et al. Uniform multidrug therapy for leprosy patients in Brazil (U-MDT/CT-BR): Results of an open label, randomized and controlled clinical trial,among multibacillary patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11(7): e0005725. 

3. Butlin CR, Aung KJM, Withington S et al. Levels of disability and relapse in Bangladeshi MB leprosy cases, 10 years after treatment with 6m MB-MDT. Lepr Rev (2019) 90, 388–398.

4. Balagon MF, Cellona RV, dela Cruz E et al. Long-Term Relapse Risk of Multibacillary Leprosy after Completion of 2 Years of Multiple Drug Therapy (WHO-MDT) in Cebu, Philippines. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009; 81, 5: 895-9.

5. Gaschignard J, Grant AV, Thuc NV, Orlova M, Cobat A, Huong NT, et al. (2016) Pauci- and Multibacillary Leprosy: Two Distinct, Genetically Neglected Diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(5): e0004345. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004345

6. Chakravarrti MR, Vogel F. A twin study on leprosy Georg Thieme Publishers, Stuttgart, Germany; 1973.

7. Cambri G, Mira MT. Genetic Susceptibility to Leprosy—From Classic Immune-Related Candidate Genes to Hypothesis-Free, Whole Genome Approaches. Front. Immunol., 20 July 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01674

8. Sartori PVU, Penna GO, Bührer-Sékula S et al. Human Genetic Susceptibility of Leprosy Recurrence. Scientific Reports (2020) volume 10, Article number: 1284

9. Davey TF, Rees RJ. The nasal dicharge in leprosy: clinical and bacteriological aspects. Lepr Rev. 1974 Jun;45(2):121-34.

10. Rao PS, Mozhi NM, Thomas MV. Leprosy affected beggars as a hidden source for transmission of leprosy. Indian J Med Res. 2000 Aug;112:52-5.  

11. Li HY, Weng XM, Li T et al. Long-Term Effect of Leprosy Control in Two Prefectures of China, 1955-1993. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1995 Jun;63(2):213-221. reviewed & analysed further in: 11 a. Almeida J. What really happened in Shandong? LML 16 Nov 2019
12.  Tonglet R, Pattyn SR, Nsansi BN et al. The reduction of the leprosy endemicity in northeastern Zaire 1975/1989 J.Eur J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;6(4):404-6 reviewed in: 12a. Almeida J. Reducing transmission in poor hyperendemic areas - evidence from Uele (DRC). LML 29 Nov 2019

13. Shumin Chen, Yunchun Zheng, Min Zheng, Demin Wang. Rapid survey on case detection of leprosy in a low endemic situation, Zhucheng County, Shandong Province, The People's Republic of China. Lepr Rev (2007) 78, 65–69.

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

 

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Monday, September 14, 2020

Fw: Ref.: (LML) Information about the distribution of Hansen’s disease treatment in Brazil - Nota de Esclarecimento sobre o desabastecimento de PQT no Brasil

 

 


Leprosy Mailing List – September 14,  2020

 

Ref.:  (LML) Information about the distribution of Hansen's disease treatment in Brazil - Nota de Esclarecimento sobre o desabastecimento de PQT no Brasil

 

From:  Carmelita Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil

 

Note editor:

We received the above mentioned information (in English, attached file)) from the Department of Diseases of Chronic Condition and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Secretariat for Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brazil as a reaction to the LML publication 'Lack of MDT in Brazil' from Claudio Salgado of the Brazilian Society of Hansen's Disease (SBH), August 18, 2020.

 

Prezado Dr Pieter,

 

Sou Carmelita Ribeiro (Carmel), na época que trabalhamos juntos em projetos da NLR, estava no Programa Estadual de Hanseníase em Rondônia.

 

Estou no Programa Nacional, no Ministério da Saúde, desde janeiro 2017, enfrentando os desafios de coordenar o programa do meu país.

 

A SBH, por meio do presidente Cláudio Salgado, publicou no Leprosy Mailing List carta sobre o desabastecimento da PQT no Brasil.

 

Em resposta a carta da SBH, enviei uma Nota de Esclarecimento. 

 

Gostaria de saber se o senhor recebeu. Se sim, é possível publicar no canal Leprosy Mailing List?

 

Agradeço sua atenção.

 

Carmelita

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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