Fw: Ref.: (LML) Our Caravan

 

 

Leprosy Mailing List – December 31,  2021

 

Ref.:  (LML) Our Caravan

 

 

From:  Laila de Laguiche, Curitiba, Brazil

 

 

 

Dear Pieter,

Thank you for keeping the LML flame alive, an exceptional channel we have to express our ideas, anxieties, fears and desires about leprosy. 

 

Such a democratic and plural channel where we all have one common goal: a world with less leprosy, a world with fewer patients who suffer disabilities from this disease.

Let's travel together, in caravan, to cross this desert of ignorance, towards the much desired oasis for the control of this disease!

I wish you an excellent year 2022!

 

Laila

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Fw: Ref.: (LML) Heroes of 2021

 

Leprosy Mailing List – December 23,  2021

 

Ref.:  (LML) Heroes of 2021

 

From:  Joel Almeida, London and Mumbai

 

 

Dear Pieter & colleagues,

 

Thanks for the beautiful editorial message from LML with the image of light. How many candles are required to dispel darkness? One. Nobody is alone who strives to spread the light of truth, justice and compassion. LML has brought us all together in an atmosphere of mutual respect and willingness to listen to one another.

 

Fortunately, our community has many candles. Heroes (regardless of gender) who are transforming life for populations and families affected.

 

For example, the persons and families who experienced HD and responded to inhumane neglect or ostracism with grace, mutual help, and the determination to survive. Sadly, not all made it through the pandemic.

 

The health workers and volunteers at the grassroots, who do the critical work..

The technicians and other professionals who underpin a scientifically robust response to the bacillus and its damaging effects. 

 

The local and national governments of endemic countries who respond to their citizens amid a whole multitude of challenges and difficulties, often seeking to do what brings the most benefit to their people. 

 

The organizations who steadfastly place the interests of their intended beneficiaries above the organizational imperative to raise funds. 

 

The corporations who donate resources that make a difference to some of the least privileged people in the world. 

 

The individuals who have embraced this noble cause of defeating HD, without seeking anything in return.

 

We can remember also great colleagues who have left us for a better place after doing their best to improve life for patients, families and populations. COVID and other catastrophes have robbed us of some great talents.

 

These are some of the heroes of 2021. Others will be able to add to this list.

 

With gratitude to all on LML and best wishes for 2022. It is going to be a turning point because month by month we continue to separate temporary glitter from lasting light. The more clearly we see, the more wisely can we take the next steps. It is exciting to anticipate the journey ahead, always looking for what can be done better.

 

 

Best,

 

Joel Almeida

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Fw: Ref.: (LML) Food for thought – what about leprosy in 2022?

 
Leprosy Mailing List – December 22,  2021

 

Ref.:  (LML) Food for thought – what about leprosy in 2022?

 

From:  Wim Theuvenet, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands

 

 

Dear Pieter,

 

Thank you for your valuable editorial letter on the current global situation of leprosy.

 

It seems clear that there are still plenty of challenges in many areas!

 

To name just a few:

• Do we still need more effective drugs to address immune reactions and neuritis?
• How many leprosy affected patients cannot be diagnosed in time because of existing stigma, lack of knowledge at local health posts or because of Covid? 
• How many patients have progressive nerve function loss that goes undetected and untreated?
• How many diagnosed patients lack access to rehabilitation programs?
• If so, many countries have been labelled that leprosy is no longer a "public health problem," is this reflected in their current situation regarding the new cases detection rate and the child Gr2 deformity rate?
• Is there a need for a new survey study in former high endemic areas?
• How effective is PEP+, and if the answer is positive, will it be feasible to provide PEP+ to a 30-40 million contacts in the next 20 years? 
• When will we see serological biomarkers that will help in the early diagnosis of leprosy?

 

Thank you to the LML Board for encouraging discussion of these topics!

 

Also, to the LML Board and its members, we wish you all a Merry Christmas and Light on the coming Year!

 

With heartfelt greetings,

 

Wim Theuvenet

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Fw: Ref.: (LML) Food for thought - what about leprosy in 2022?

 

 
Leprosy Mailing List – December 21,  2021

 

Ref.:  (LML)  Food for thought - what about leprosy in 2022?

 

From:  Stanley Kingsley, Mumbai, India

 

Dear Dr Pieter,

 

Thank you very much for presenting an interesting 'feast' of 'Food for thought' and for the ecstatic season's greetings.

 

You have splendidly 'served' the entire 'variety' of 'menu' in leprosy control and highlighted the 'idea of digestion' concerning manifest gaps in knowledge and practices, despite the remarkable advancement made in the management of leprosy.

 

From a sociobiological point of view, the proponents of unconventional thoughts expressed by esteemed members of LML are more 'nutrient' but only a few are taken into the 'menu' for 'ways forward' that can 'feed' our efforts to wipe out this disease best in our times.

 

Certainly, we still have to go a long way, in a sense, to feel the 'ravening' of our desires to achieve 'zero' leprosy and hope that the New Year 2022 will bring attainable 'satisfaction' to everyone.

 

Wishing the editorial board and all the members LML, a merry Christmas and a happy and delightful New Year – 2022.

 

Warm regards,

 

S. Kingsley

 

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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(LML) Food for thought - what about leprosy in 2022?

 

 
Leprosy Mailing List – December 20,  2021 

 

Ref.:  (LML) Food for thought - what about leprosy in 2022? 

 

From:  Pieter Schreuder, Maastricht, the Netherlands 

---

  

 

Dear colleagues,  

  

As you may know, leprosy disappeared from many countries before antibiotics were available. Nowadays, in many counties, leprosy does not behave like a contagious disease, especially in those countries where leprosy is an import disease (Dr. Bracken, 1898). We do not know what is the magic pump handle from John Snow in leprosy. Yes, we assume that better housing, hygiene and socio-economic conditions play an important role in diminishing the spread of leprosy, like it is the case with tuberculosis. What I want to say is: be careful not to claim what is not yours.  

  

We still do not know how a person gets infected, through direct contact or indirect through for example the environment. What we know is that M.leprae enters the body (mainly) through the nose. We know that the incubation period can be many years. The diagnosis of early leprosy is not always easy, especially since skin smears are not routinely applied anymore. Clinical skills are disappearing. A proportion of disability grade 2 among newly diagnosed patients of more than 20% is not acceptable (but is any action taken, by whom?). To see again children with severe disabilities should ring all alarms – does it, does it lead to any action? In a well-run program 5% could be achieved (also depending on the PB/MB ratio). Treatment is important to relieve the suffering of the patient (early case detection, adequate chemotherapy and appropriate management of complications to prevent disabilities).  It still happens that necessary drugs are not always available at basic health services level, especially prednisolone.  

  

Theoretically, one could argue that by timely diagnosing and treating a patient (and applying PEP to contacts) the chain of infection could be interrupted. However, a lepromatous patient can be infectious before any clear clinical signs appear. Resistance to essential anti-leprosy drugs is on the rise. A LL polar patient, after MDT, could become infectious again, if he/she is not closely followed up or does not receive post-treatment prophylaxis. Would it not be better to calculate relapse rates for MB patients separately for patients with an original BI of 3 or more? What happens with defaulters which were skin smear positive at diagnosis or do they just disappear from the register? Should the proportion of defaulters not always be mentioned when publishing relapse rates?  

 

Most leprosy control programs have been integrated in basic health services. Regular supervision and support should be an important aspect of any integrated program. Once a while organising a training course, but forgetting regular supervision, does not make any sense. And is a functioning referral system available and can the patient afford to be referred?  

 

What we also have to question is in how far official statistics represent the real situation in the field? Corona has disrupted many programs; leprosy control is one of them. Most likely, poor programs suffer more than well-organised programs. Again, one cannot claim that incidence rates are falling. Yes, detection rates for sure, but nothing to be happy about. Leprosy comes in clusters. To use total population figures to calculate rates distorts the reality on the ground.  

 

What we learned from recent LML letters for example from Jason Barreto and Joel Almeida, the article of Utpal Sengupta about drug resistance, the discussion about the detection of nerve damage and timely treatment, is that in many countries the leprosy control program is not up to its tasks.  

  

LML is an open forum; everyone is invited to take part in the discussion. This year 2021, many new persons subscribed to LML, but the number of people taking part in discussions is still very small. Speak out your thoughts (as I do in this letter – of course, not everyone will agree). 

  

As you may know, Christmas is a celebration of light and peace, and a family gathering. Christians celebrate the birth of Christ. It does not matter so much what one believes, each of us has its own celebration of light and peace with the family during the year.   

  

Elif Shafak: "No one can survive alone – except the Almighty God. And remember, in the desert of life, the fool travels alone and the wise by caravan."   

 

On behalf of the editorial board of LML, we wish you Happy Holidays, Merry Christmas and a Prosperous New Year. All the best for 2022.  

  

Pieter Schreuder  

 

List of abbreviations: 

BI : bacteriological index   

LL : lepromatous  

LML : leprosy mailing list
MB : multi bacillary   

MDT : multi-drug therapy  

PEP :  post exposure prophylaxis  

---

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder 

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/ 

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com  

Virus-free. www.avast.com

Fw: Ref.: (LML) Leprosy Review - December 2021

 

 

Leprosy Mailing List – December 16 ,  2021

 

Ref.:  (LML) Leprosy Review - December 2021

 

 

From:  Paul Saunderson, Ålesund, Norway

 

 

Dear Pieter,

I would like to announce the new issue of Leprosy Review, on the theme of Self-care for people affected by leprosy.

All the papers can be found at https://leprosyreview.org/articles and may be read online or downloaded free of charge.

The Contents are presented in the attached file.

With kind regards,

Paul Saunderson

Editor Leprosy Review

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Fw: Ref.: (LML) New leprosy sector quarterly publication

 

 
Leprosy Mailing List – December 15,  2021

 

Ref.:  (LML) New leprosy sector quarterly publication

 

From:  Tim Burton, Brentford, U.K.

 

Dear Pieter and colleagues,

I am getting in touch because TLM International has just started a new quarterly newsletter for the leprosy/NTD sector. The aim of the newsletter is to equip people within the sector with new and interesting insights, best practice tips from TLM's experience, and other information. TLM has a big network and we want to do more to share what we're learning.

The publication will cover research, programmes, advocacy, and more. We'll aim to get leprosy experts and persons affected by leprosy contributing each quarter. We hope others in the sector will submit their own thoughts on what we've shared which can be published in future editions.

Anyone who wishes to sign up can do so here: https://www.leprosymission.org/get-involved/sign-up-to-tlm-leprosy-news/

Many thanks,

Tim Burton

Global Communications Lead
The Leprosy Mission International, 80 Windmill Road, Brentford, Middlesex, TW8 0QH
T: +44 (0)20 8326 6731  M: +44 (0)7407 803 025  E: tim.burton@leprosymission.org  Skype: tim.burton.tlmi

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Fw: Ref.: (LML) Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Leprae in the Context of Zero Leprosy

 
Leprosy Mailing List – December 14,  2021

 

Ref.:   (LML) Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Leprae in the Context of Zero Leprosy

 

From:  Joel Almeida, London and Mumbai

 

 

Dear Pieter & colleagues,

It seems helpful to learn from the most impactful projects in endemic countries. To take just one example, Karigiri (India) shows what can be achieved in even low-income areas by simply providing quality services, based on a good understanding of the facts (see LML 30 Oct 2020 for details). Quality care could become our mantra as we seek to free people from the damaging impact of HD (Hansen's Disease) and its sequelae. Not all efforts have been successful, but the successful projects have demonstrated a surprisingly rapid decline in incidence rate of MB (multibacillary) HD. We could emulate successful projects. This will allow us to produce great outcomes and impact in steadily more places.

Drug resistance could derail success, which is why it requires attention.

Best,

Joel Almeida

- - - -

 

Drug resistance and HD control

Drug resistance is important. It remains probably the single most important threat to controlling HD (Hansen's Disease). That is because drug resistance is almost impossible to reverse. Delaying drug resistance helps ensure that MDT remains effective and HD remains easily treatable. How can we ensure that?

1) Ensure full MDT for every highly bacillated person, not just a single drug and not just a few doses of treatment. 

 

 

Such errors are most likely when inexpert health workers (or even overworked practitioners) examine a person with undiagnosed LL (lepromatous) HD, conclude that there are no patches therefore no HD, omit smear microscopy, and then offer a single dose of rifampicin. This dose of rifampicin kills over 90% of rifampicin susceptible bacilli and so increases the frequency of rifampicin-resistant mutants by 1000%. This is dangerous not only for the undiagnosed LL HD patient, but also for their contacts, because the nasal discharges from just one unprotected LL HD patient can contain as many as 10 million viable bacilli/day. Further, the undiagnosed LL HD patient might disregard eventual signs of HD on the basis of that single dose of rifampicin. But full MDT is required for LL HD patients, not a single dose of rifampicin..

 

That addresses the risks from single dose rifampicin. What about benefits? The Indonesian program stated, after implementing single dose rifampicin for several years "The number of new cases, the proportion of child cases in the intervention areas using the contact approach or community participation has not shown a declining trend." (emphasis added) In short, single dose rifampicin for contacts had little or no impact. This was in keeping with an early 2000s study carried out on a few Indonesian islands, comparing two rounds of mass rifampicin administration vs two rounds of contact rifampicin administration vs no prophylaxis.(1) Giving NO prophylaxis was about as effective/ineffective as giving two doses of rifampicin to contacts. 

 

Despite its lack of epidemiological impact, a single dose of rifampicin will select rifampicin resistant bacilli in the undiagnosed LL HD patients unfortunate enough to receive it. This selection can remain concealed by the relative insensitivity of tests to detect drug-resistant mutants. Repeated doses of rifampicin would compound the selection of rifampicin-resistant mutant bacilli. People in endemic areas need to understand this, in order to protect their own best interests. Open sharing of relevant information can become the norm not just in affluent countries but also endemic countries. Drug-resistance is a heavy price to pay in exchange for near-zero benefit.

 

Brazil and other major endemic countries now protect their people against single dose rifampicin. MDT will retain its efficacy in such enlightened countries. Is there an alternative to using rifampicin on its own, and that too just among contacts? Mass multi-drug administration in high endemic hot spots (e.g., former HD "colonies") can produce good epidemiological impact without selecting drug resistant mutant bacilli.(see below)

 

2) Rifampicin resistance is already increasing rapidly in India

 

In 2017, rifampicin-resistant bacilli were detected in only 2% of patients with signs of recurrent HD, in an area of India. By 2020, this figure had risen to 12.3%.(2) Further, 5% of previously untreated patients in that area were demonstrated to have rifampicin-resistant mutants.(3) Interestingly, patients with rifampicin-resistant recurrence and new patients with rifampicin-resistant mutant bacilli were observed to live in close geographical proximity. This is consistent with transmission of rifampicin-resistant bacilli.

 

Previously, a Brazilian total-population survey of a high endemic area showed that over 40% of patients with signs of recurrent disease had mutant bacilli simultaneously resistant to rifampicin and dapsone.(4) Rifampicin resistance is not just in the future, it is in the present.

 

 

3) Precautions against drug-resistance

 

Monitoring drug resistance is helpful, especially as the sensitivity of tests improves. However, monitoring by itself it cannot stop the selection of drug resistant mutants. Effective action would be good.. 

a) Use multiple drug combinations always, instead of single drugs (never rifampicin on its own).For example, Rifampicin + Ofloxacin + Minocycline (ROM) was promoted by WHO, including for mass multi-drug administration in high endemic hot spots of FS Micronesia, alongside expert skin camps and MDT till smear negativity. That WHO intervention produced about 40%/year decline in newly detected HD cases..

(see LML 22 May 2021, 22 Nov 2020 & refs 5, 6)

 b) Ensure that MDT in LL patients is prolonged sufficiently for all drug-resistant mutant bacilli to be killed. 

 

Drug resistance has ruined the prospects of controlling several other diseases. Fortunately, a growing number of enlightened people and organisations are keen on delaying drug resistance in HD. That seems wise. Lessons from highly successful projects can be applied widely, so that drug resistance is delayed, MDT remains effective, HD remains easily treatable, and success can become widespread. 

 

References

1.      Bakker MI, Hatta M, Kwenang A et al. PREVENTION OF LEPROSY USING RIFAMPICIN AS CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 72(4), 2005, 443–448. 

2.      Singh I, Lavania M, Ahuja M et al. A FOUR-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY SHOWS INCREASING RATES OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE IN ENDEMIC REGION IN INDIA FOR M. LEPRAE. Abstracts of the 31st biennial conference of the Indian Association of Leprologists, Hyderabad, India. April 2021. pp. 96-97

3.       Ahuja M, Lavania M, Sharma R et al. MOLECULAR SCREENING OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED LEPROSY CASES FOR DRUG RESISTANCE IN M.LEPRAE.  Abstracts of the 31st biennial conference of the Indian Association of Leprologists, Hyderabad, India. April 2021. p. 97

4.      Rosa PS, D'Espindula HRS, Melo ACL et al. Emergence and transmission of drug/multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium leprae in a former leprosy colony in the Brazilian Amazon. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 1 July 2019, ciz570, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz570

5.      WORKSHOP ON THE PREVENTION OF LEPROSY, POHNPEI, FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA. 25-27 MAY 1999 sponsored by the Sasakawa Memorial Health Foundation Tokyo, Japan and the Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization. Int J Lepr, 67 (4) (SUPPLEMENT)

6.        Diletto C, Blanc L, Levy L. Leprosy chemoprophylaxis in Micronesia. Lepr Rev. 2000;71(Suppl):S21–3

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Fw: Ref.: (LML) Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Leprae in the Context of Zero Leprosy

 

Leprosy Mailing List – December 9,  2021

 

Ref.:  (LML) Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Leprae in the Context of Zero Leprosy

 

From:  Ben Naafs, Munnekeburen, the Netherlands

 

 

Dear Pieter,

 

 

Utpal Sengupta made me aware of his publication in the Indian Dermatology Online Journal (http://www.idoj.in on Wednesday, November 24, 2021, IP: 247.98.17.194).

 

"WHO has drawn up a strategical road map from the year 2021 to 2030 focussing toward Zero leprosy target.[11] However, at the moment although the prevalence of leprosy has gone down to 0.22/10,000 worldwide[12] and to 0.66/10,000 in India,[13] a total number of 202,185 new cases including 14,981 child cases are appearing in the world.[14] India is still housing 114,451 (57%) of these new cases of the world. These data clearly indicate that despite the continuation of effective chemotherapeutic preventive measures by MDT for more than 4 decades, the transmission of the disease is continuing in the community. Leprosy being a chronic disease with a known long period of incubation (>20 years),[12] a total elimination program with Zero leprosy target by 2030 may be too optimistic.[15] "

 

"It is clear that secondary and primary resistance to rifampicin and ofloxacin are on the rise which has been established by screening relapse and newly diagnosed MB cases from the leprosy endemic countries.[31‑40] Further, the annual records also show a gradual rise of relapse cases (from 2844 of 2016 to 3897 of 2019) [14,67,68] under the elimination program. In addition, reports of isolation of rifampicin drug‑resistant strains from both type 1 and type ENL cases which are being reported from various research groups are of great concern as this has not been taken up yet in the M. leprae‑resistant strain surveillance mechanism under the program."

 

 

It is a very timely article since the WHO steps up its strategic plan "Towards zero leprosy by 2030". Again, a political and not scientific slogan. The recommendations in this concerned paper are essential to be considered.

 

"Therefore, it is recommended that the following strategy should be adopted immediately to check the transmission of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) strains of M. leprae in the endemic community are as follows:

-       (i) Establishment of a robust setup for early diagnosis of relapse and reactions in leprosy at the field level and their molecular screening for mutations for drug resistance to DDS, rifampicin, ofloxacin, and clarithromycin.

-       (ii) Screening of all new MB cases for the presence of molecular mutations for primary drug‑resistant strains to DDS, rifampicin, ofloxacin, and clarithromycin.

-       (iii) Once a drug resistance case to the above drugs is identified, the close contacts in the family should be screened for early detection of transmission of drug‑resistant M. leprae strains in the family.

-       (iv) After identification of either primary or secondary drug‑resistant cases, the patient should be treated adequately with an alternative regimen for the cure of leprosy."

 

 Ben Naafs

LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Fw: Ref.: (LML) Infolep monthly overview of new publications on leprosy - Dec '21

 

 

Leprosy Mailing List – December 9,  2021

 

Ref.:  (LML) Infolep monthly overview of new publications on leprosy - Dec '21

 

From:  Anniek Akerboom, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

 

Dear colleagues, 

Are you a researcher looking for funding?

Leprosy Research Initiative (LRI) is pleased to announce a call for proposals for funding commencing in 2023. LRI funds research with a focus on leprosy – including research applications combining leprosy with other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) or other diseases that share cross-cutting issues with leprosy. Proposals addressing any of the five research priorities are eligible to apply for funding in this call. Researchers are invited to complete and submit a Letter of Intent (LoI) through an online application portal. Deadline to submit LoI: January 28th, 2022 at 23:59 CET. For more information on the call criteria and application procedure go to leprosyresearch.org/funding/apply-for-funding

Sasakawa Health Foundation has announced a call for grant proposals for projects starting in 2022. Sasakawa Health Foundation supports projects in three domains: tackling disease, fighting discrimination, or preserving history. Deadline for projects starting in April 2022: December 14, 2021 and for projects starting in September 2022: April 24, 2022. For more information click on the following link: SHF Call for Grant Proposals FY2022

Alice Cruz, the Special Rapporteur on the elimination of discrimination against persons affected by leprosy and their family members, invites you to collaborate. A thematic report on the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health for persons affected by leprosy and their family members is being prepared and will be presented at the 50th session of the Human Rights Council in June 2022. People who have experienced leprosy are kindly asked to complete the questionnaire and share their input before 31 December 2021.

Enjoy reading the latest publications on leprosy and have a look at the coming events below. Feel free to contact me to receive full-text versions if these cannot be found through the Infolep portal. Also, I would be happy to assist you with literature searches on Infolep.

Warm regards,

Anniek Akerboom

Infolep Coordinator
www.leprosy-information.org
a.akerboom@infolep.org
 

 

 

Highlighted

 

Minimally invasive sampling to identify leprosy patients with a high bacterial burden in the Union of the Comoros.
Braet S, van Hooij A, Hasker E, et al. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2021; 15 (11) : e0009924.
 

Inequality of gender, age and disabilities due to leprosy and trends in a hyperendemic metropolis: Evidence from an eleven-year time series study in Central-West Brazil
Martoreli Júnior JF, Ramos ACV, Alves JD, et al. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Public Library of Science (PLoS). 2021; 15 (11) : e0009941.
 

RLEP LAMP for the laboratory confirmation of leprosy: towards a point-of-care test.
Saar M, Beissner M, Gültekin F, et al. BMC infectious diseases. 2021; 21 (1) : 1186.
 

 

 

Leprosy & COVID-19

 

O manejo da hanseníase em tempos de pandemia
Lacerda GCES, Ferraz MDGC, Alencar MDAX, et al. Doenças infectocontagiosas e o controle de infecção hospitalar: Desafios em tempos de pandemia. Atena Editora. 2021.
 

 

 

New publications

 

Low risk of relapse and deformity among leprosy patients who completed multi-drug therapy regimen from 2005 to 2010: A cohort study from four districts in South India.
Rajkumar P, Purushothaman G, Ponnaiah M, et al. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2021; 15 (11) : e0009950.
 

Risk factors for physical disability in patients with leprosy disease in Yunnan, China: Evidence from a retrospective observational study.
Chen X, Liu H, Shui T, et al. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2021; 15 (11) : e0009923.
 

The Perception of Leprosy. Studies on assessment, impact and interventions at individual, family and community level.
van 't Noordende AT. Erasmus University Rotterdam. 2021.
 

Host-Related Laboratory Parameters for Leprosy Reactions.
Luo Y, Kiriya M, Tanigawa K, et al. Frontiers in medicine. 2021.
 

One Health Approaches to Trace 's Zoonotic Potential Through Time.
Urban C, Blom A, Pfrengle S, et al. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021.
 

A common approach for fighting tuberculosis and leprosy: controlling endoplasmic reticulum stress in myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
Kumar N, Khan N, Cleveland D, et al. Immunotherapy. 2021; 13 (18) : 1555-1563.
 

The red flags of ulnar neuropathy in leprosy.
Jardim M, Vital R, Illarramendi X, et al. PloS one. 2021; 16 (11) : e0259804.
 

A probable case of leprosy from colonial period St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Southeastern Caribbean.
Nelson G, Dodrill T, Fitzpatrick S. International journal of paleopathology. 2021.
 

Cost-effectiveness of incorporating vaccine to multidrug therapy in newly diagnosed leprosy cases for better treatment outcomes & immunoprophylaxis in contacts as leprosy control measures for National Leprosy Eradication Programme in India.
Muniyandi M, Singh M, Singh M, et al. The Indian journal of medical research. 2021; 154 (1) : 121-131.
 

Detection and Monitoring of Mycobacterium leprae Infection in Nine Banded Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) Using a Quantitative Rapid Test.
Zhou Z, Pena M, van Hooij A, et al. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021.
 

Infection in Ticks and Tick-Derived Cells.
Tongluan N, Shelton L, Collins HJ, et al. Frontiers in microbiology. 2021.
 

Uso conjunto de los marcadores serológicos y del análisis espacial en la vigilancia epidemiológica de la lepra
Ribeiro G, Barreto J, Bueno I, et al. Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health. 2021.
 

De Novo Histoid Leprosy With Unusual Histological Features.
Samiey F, Aljalahma J, Awadhi A. Cureus. 2021; 13 (11) : e19230.

 

Detection of Mycobacterium leprae infection in family clusters from six leprosy-endemic regions in Colombia.
Serrano-Coll H, Osorio-Leal Y, Escobar-Builes M, et al. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2021.
 

Presenting symptoms of leprosy at diagnosis: Clinical evidence from a cross-sectional, population-based study.
Chen X, Zha S, Shui T. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2021; 15 (11) : e0009913. 
 

Treatment and Evaluation Advances in Leprosy Neuropathy.
Ebenezer G, Scollard D. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics. 2021.
 

Exploring host and pathogen biomarkers for leprosy
Tió-Coma M. Leiden University. 2021.
 

Leprosy morbidity and mortality in Brazil: 2008–2018
Miguel CB, da Mota PB, Afonso BO, et al. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Elsevier BV. 2021.
 

Persistent Neuropathy in Lepromatous Leprosy Patients
Penna P, Vital R, PITTA I, et al. Research Square Platform LLC. 2021.
 

Acid-Fast Bacilli Positivity Rate and Associated Factors among Leprosy Suspected Cases attending Selected Health Facilities located in West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Bekala D, Reda DY, Ali MM. Infection and Drug Resistance. Informa UK Limited. 2021.
 

A Literature Review: The History of Psychological Impact of Illness amongst People with Leprosy (PwL) in Countries across the Globe
Achdiat PA, Ariyanto EF, Simanjuntak MN, et al. Dermatology Research and Practice. Hindawi Limited. 2021.
 

The expression of FOXP3 in lesions of several forms of leprosy in patients co-infected with HIV.
Xavier M, Pires C, Gomes C, et al. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2021; 15 (11) : e0009887. 
 

Protagonismo de adolescentes na criação de um storyboard para um jogo digital sobre hanseníase
Santos TA, Araújo BDFPD, Neto WB, et al. Cogitare Enfermagem. Universidade Federal do Parana. 2021.
 

Acid-Fast Bacilli Positivity Rate and Associated Factors among Leprosy Suspected Cases attending Selected Health Facilities located in West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Bekala D, Reda D, Ali M. Infection and drug resistance. 2021.
 

Leprosy: what is new.
Randhawa A, Kapila R, Schwartz R. International journal of dermatology. 2021.
 

The Phenomenology Study of Phenomenology: Experience of Self-Caring of Leprosy Patients in the Central Medicine and Disabled St. Damian Cancar, Manggarai
Simon M, Wea L, Mariaty L. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2021, 3-4 June 2021, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia. EAI. 2021.
 

 

 

 

Events

 

Recordings COR-NTD annual meeting 2021
 

ISNTD Webinar Adventures in R and Predictive Artificial Intelligence for NTDs & Global Health
22 Nov 2021 | Recording
 

 

World Leprosy Day
30 Jan 2022
 

World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day
30 Jan 2022

 

 

Links

 

Info Hansen - A innovative hub for knowledge sharing about Hansen's Disease
 

ALLF - Official website of the Association des Léprologues de Langue Française
 

LML - Leprosy Mailing List - a free moderated email list that allows all persons interested in leprosy to share ideas, information, experiences and questions
 

InfoNTD - Information on cross-cutting issues in Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)

 

ILEP newsletter archive

GPZL newsletter archive

WHO Goodwill Ambassador's Leprosy Bulletin

Leprosy Review

Leprosy Review Repository (1928-2001)

Fontilles Revista de Leprología

Indian Journal of Leprosy

Hansenologia Internationalis

 

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LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

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