Leprosy Mailing List – December 11, 2024
Ref.: (LML) Vit D and self-healing in HD
From: Joel Almeida, Mumbai, India
Dear Pieter and colleagues,
Vit D is often lacking in the diets of low income people or others on restricted diets in endemic areas. Previtamin D3 is formed in the skin on UV irradiation, such as by sunlight. The more pigmented the skin, and the greater the tree cover or other shade, the lower the natural production of D3. Vit D can also be found in food (eg., oily fish) and can be synthesised artificially.
Does this make a difference in HD? The vitamin D-induced cathelicidin anti-microbial peptide system not only kills bacilli but also modulates the host inflammatory response. (1-7)
In HD endemic regions with abundant tree cover, or urban shade, the relative shortage of UV light not only reduces vit D production by the body, but also favours survival of M. leprae in the environment.(8, 9)
Vit D supplementation could well be important for reduced incidence rate of HD and less damaging inflammatory "reactions".
Joel Almeida
References
1. Mandal D, Reja AHH, Biswas N et al Vitamin D receptor expression levels determine the severity and complexity of disease progression among leprosy reaction patients. New Microbe and New Infect.(2015) 6: 35-39.
2. Singh I, Lavania M, Pathak VK, Ahuja M, Turankar RP, Singh V, et al. VDR polymorphism, gene expression and vitamin D levels in leprosy patients from North Indian population. PLoS Negl Trop Dis (2018) 12(11): e0006823. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006823
3. Hemshekhar M, Choi KG, Mookherjee N Host Defense Peptide LL-37-Mediated Chemoattractant Properties, but Not Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-1RA Production, Is Selectively Controlled by Cdc42 Rho GTPase via G Protein-Coupled Receptors and JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase. Front. Immunol.(2018) 9:1871. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01871
4. Rowe-Magnus DA, Kao AY, Prieto AC et al (2019) Cathelicidin peptides restrict bacterial growth via membrane perturbation and induction of reactive oxygen species. mBio 10:e02021-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02021-19.
5. Roy S, Frodsham A, Saha B, Hazra SK, Mascie-Taylor CG, Hill AV. Association of vitamin D receptor genotype with leprosy type. J Infect Dis(1999) 179:187–91. 10.1086/314536
6. Yuk J-M, Shin D-M, Lee H-M, Yang C-S, Jin HS, Kim K-K, et al. Vitamin D3 induces autophagy in human monocytes/macrophages via cathelicidin. Cell Host Microbe(2009) 6:231–43. 10.1016/j.chom.2009.08.004
7. Kim DW, Teles RMB, Haile S, Liu PT, Modlin RL. Vitamin D status contributes to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages against Mycobacterium leprae PLoS Negl Trop Dis
.2018 Jul 2;12(7):e0006608. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006608
8. Truman RW, Gillis TP. The effect of ultraviolet light radiation on Mycobacterium leprae. Int. J. Lepr 2000 Mar;68(1):11-7.
9. Desikan KV, Sreevatsa A. Extended studies on the viability of Mycobacterium leprae outside the human body. Lepr Rev, 1995; 66: 287–295.
LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder
LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/
Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com
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